Complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes have been used extensively to test hypotheses about microevolution and study population structure, phylogeography, phylogenetic relationships of Anura at various taxonomic levels. Large-scale mt genomic reorganizations observed among many fork-tongued frogs (family Dicroglossidae). The Dicroglossidae validation the genus Feirana are still problematic. Hence, we sequenced complete Nanorana taihangnica (=F. taihangnica) N. yunnanensis as well partial six...

he Chinese tiger frog Hoplobatrachus rugulosus is widely distributed in southern China, Malaysia, Myanmar, Thailand, and Vietnam. It listed Appendix II of CITES as the only Class nationally-protected China. The bred known Thailand frog, also identified H. rugulosus. Our analysis Cyt b gene showed high genetic divergence (13.8%) between wild samples frog. Unexpected complete mt genome (14.0%) was observed Yet, nuclear genes (NCX1, Rag1, Rhod, Tyr) little them. Despite this their very similar...

The mitochondrial genome of Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Anura: Dicroglossidae) is a circular molecule 20,309 bp in length, containing 39 genes (including the extra copy ND5 and tRNAMet genes). following four distinctive features are observed: cluster rearranged tRNA (TPF gene cluster), translocation tRNALeu(CUN) genes, tandem duplication (Met1 Met2), duplicated d-loop–ND5 regions.

Species identification is one of the most basic yet crucial issues in biology with potentially far-reaching implications for fields such as conservation, population ecology, and epidemiology. The widely distributed but threatened frog Paa spinosa has been speculated to represent a complex multiple species. In this study, 254 individuals representing species genus were investigated along entire range P. spinosa: 196 specimens spinosa, 8 jiulongensis, 5 boulengeri, 20 exilispinosa, 25 shini....

Hoplobatrachus rugulosus (Anura: Dicroglossidae) is distributed in China and Thailand the former can survive substantially lower temperatures than latter. The mitochondrial genomes of two subspecies also differ: Chinese tiger frogs (CT frogs) display identical ND5 genes whereas Thai (TT have different genes. Metabolism ectotherms very sensitive to temperature change organs demands on energy metabolism at low temperatures. Therefore, we conducted studies understand: (1) differences gene...

We describe the spatial pattern of variation in body size and sexual dimorphism giant spiny frog, Paa spinosa (David, 1875). The study also aims to identify potential factors responsible for geographic morphological frog. results indicate that primary production, which positively correlates with precipitation summer temperature China, had an important effect on P. spinosa, whereas Bergmann's rule was more efficient explain influence average minimum January. species sexually dimorphic shape:...

The complete mitochondrial genome of Lithobates sylvaticus (Anura: Ranidae) was sequenced. is a circular molecule 17,343 bp in length and contains 13 protein-coding genes, 2 rRNA 22 tRNA genes large non-coding region. gene order information L. similar to most other frogs. overall AT content DNA 59.3%. In BI MLtrees, we found sister clade catesbeianus. monophyly Lithobates, Rana, Odorrana, Glandirana, Pelophylax, Amolops well supported, but the paraphyly Babina supported.

We incubated eggs of the Chinese three-keeled pond turtle (Chinemys reevesii) at 4 constant temperatures to assess influence these thermal regimes on incubation length, hatching success, and phenotypic traits hatchlings. Eggs 24° 27°C produced larger hatchlings in body mass, carapace size, limb length than did those from 30° 33°C. Hatchlings 27° 30°C crawled swam faster their counterparts The critical minima 33°C were higher 27°C.

The mitochondrial (mt) genome of Babina adenopleura (Anura: Ranidae) is a circular molecule 18,982 bp in length, containing 38 genes as well other anurans. complete mtDNA B. and the A+T content overall base composition H-strand 58.9% (T, 29.8%; C, 26.6%; A, 29.1%; G, 14.4%). control regions are 3159 this region 70.2% (A, 36.6%; 16.8%; 12.9%; T, 33.6%). possesses distinct repeat at both 5′ 3′ sides. A long space between ND5 ND6 461 bp.

Pangolins, one of the most trafficked mammals, face significant health challenges in captivity, including digestive disorders and immune dysfunctions. These issues are closely linked to alterations their gut microbiota, which play vital roles host metabolism, immunity, overall health. This study investigated differences microbiota composition function between two pangolin species, Chinese pangolins (Manis pentadactyla) Malayan javanica), under identical captive conditions better understand...

Recently, there has been renewed interest in biorefining of agricultural onion into functional products. In this study, vinegar (OV) are prepared by a two-stage semi-continuous fermentation method, and its content total flavonoids (3.01 mg/mL) polyphenols (976.76 μg/mL) is superior to other commercial vinegars. OV possesses high radical scavenging activity enhances the antioxidant enzyme activities vivo, alleviating intracellular oxidative stress Caenorhabditis elegans. Treated OV,...

Abstract We analyzed the advertisement call of Paa spinosa at Yuliang Mountain, Lanxi, Zhejiang Province, in eastern China. Temporal and spectral parameters were analyzed, along with intensity. Calls comprised three to seven notes, last which had longest duration. Three formants (harmonics) clearly distinguishable from audio spectrogram. The dominant frequency ranged 411 - 1534 Hz, was either first or second formant. number notes within a positively correlated air temperature, so that calls...

Optimal feeding strategies improve fish growth and health but may be affected by ammonia stress in closed rearing systems such as tanks or ponds. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of frequency levels water on enzymes genes involved oxidative yellow catfish. Experiment (ammonia exposure) control groups were randomly assigned one three frequencies (1, 2 4 times daily) for 8 weeks. Weight gain increased from 1 daily, feed conversion ratio values decreased. The highest survival group was...