Investigations of fear conditioning in rodents and humans have illuminated the neural mechanisms underlying cued contextual fear. A critical question is how personality dimensions such as trait anxiety act through these to confer vulnerability disorders, whether humans' ability overcome acquired fears depends on regulatory skills not characterized animal models. In a neuroimaging study humans, we found evidence for two independent neurocognitive function associated with anxiety. The first...

An integral part of human language is the capacity to extract meaning from spoken and written words, but precise relationship between brain representations information perceived by listening versus reading unclear. Prior neuroimaging studies have shown that semantic in represented multiple regions cerebral cortex, while amodal appears be a few broad regions. However, previous were too insensitive determine whether shared at fine level detail rather than merely coarse scale. We used fMRI...

Much remains unknown regarding the relationship between anxiety, worry, sustained attention, and frontal function. Here, we addressed this using a attention task adapted for functional magnetic resonance imaging. Participants responded to presentation of simple stimuli, withholding responses an infrequent "No Go" stimulus. Dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) activity "Go" trials, dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) trials were associated with faster error-free performance; consistent DLPFC...

Functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI) is an appealing method for measuring blood flow and thus infer brain activity, but it relies on the physiology of neurovascular coupling requires extensive signal processing. To establish to what degree fUSI trial-by-trial signals reflect neural we performed simultaneous recordings with Neuropixels probes in awake mice. strongly correlated slow (<0.3 Hz) fluctuations local firing rate were closely predicted by smoothed neurons, particularly putative...

Encoding models provide a powerful framework to identify the information represented in brain recordings. In this framework, stimulus representation is expressed within feature space and used regularized linear regression predict activity. To account for potential complementarity of different spaces, joint model fit on multiple spaces simultaneously. adapt regularization strength each space, ridge extended banded regression, which optimizes hyperparameter per space. The present paper...

Abstract Encoding models provide a powerful framework to identify the information represented in brain recordings. In this framework, stimulus representation is expressed within feature space and used regularized linear regression predict activity. To account for potential complementarity of different spaces, joint model fit on multiple spaces simultaneously. adapt regularization strength each space, ridge extended banded regression, which optimizes hyperparameter per space. The present...

Anxious individuals have a greater tendency to categorize faces with ambiguous emotional expressions as fearful (Richards et al., 2002). These behavioral findings might reflect anxiety-related biases in stimulus representation within the human amygdala. Here, we used functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) together continuous adaptation design investigate of from three expression continua (surprise-fear, sadness–fear and surprise-sadness) amygdala other brain regions implicated face...

Summary Functional ultrasound imaging (fUSI) is a popular method for measuring blood flow and thus infer brain activity, but it relies on the physiology of neurovascular coupling requires extensive signal processing. To establish to what degree its trial-by-trial signals reflect neural we performed simultaneous fUSI recordings with Neuropixels probes in awake mice. strongly correlated slow (&lt;0.3 Hz) fluctuations local firing rate, were closely predicted by smoothed rate neurons,...

Anxiety is associated with increased attentional capture by threat. Previous studies have used simultaneous or briefly separated (<1 s) presentation of threat distractors and target stimuli. Here, we tested the hypothesis that high trait anxious participants would show a longer time window within which cause disruption to subsequent task processing, this particularly be observed for stimuli moderate ambiguous value. A novel temporally emotional distractor was used. Face house were presented...

cottoncandy is a python scientific library for storing and accessing numpy array data from cloud-based object stores.cottoncandy obviates the need to write (or read) disk as an intermediate step accessing) in store (e.g.AWS S3).cottoncandy bucket full of syntactic sugar that facilitates use cloud storage typical science workflows.

Abstract Predictive models for neural or fMRI data are often fit using regression methods that employ priors on the model parameters. One widely used method is ridge regression, which employs a spherical Gaussian prior assumes equal and independent variance all However, not always optimal appropriate. There many cases where expert knowledge hypotheses about structure of parameters could be to construct better prior. In these cases, non-spherical can employed generalized form known as...

Previous work has shown that trait anxiety is associated with interpretative biases in the perception of facial expressions, specifically an increased tendency to judge ambiguous expressions as fearful. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and both univariate multivariate analysis techniques, we investigated neural correlates these perception. We focused on regions previously implicated face processing: superior temporal sulcus (STS), amygdala fusiform area (FFA). Subjects were...

This workshop explores the interface between cognitive neuroscience and recent advances in AI fields that aim to reproduce human performance such as natural language processing computer vision, specifically deep learning approaches problems. When studying capabilities of brain, scientists follow a system identification approach which they present different stimuli subjects try model response brain areas have stimulus. The goal is understand by trying find function expresses activity terms...