Environmental sampling has documented a diversity of microplastics, including high levels black rubber- generally identified as tire debris. Though organisms have been shown to ingest particles (TPs), past research focused on toxicity leachate alone, overlooking potential effects particles. To address these gaps, we assessed the micro (1-20 µm) and nano (<1 TPs for two model organisms, embryonic Zebrafish Danio rerio crustacean Daphnia magna. assess development, embryos were exposed...

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in commerce, however, the effect of their physicochemical properties on toxicity remains debatable because confounding presence Ag+ ions. Thus, we designed a series AgNPs that stable to surface oxidation and ion release. were coated with hybrid lipid membrane comprised L-phosphatidylcholine (PC), sodium oleate (SOA), stoichiometric amount hexanethiol (HT) produce oxidant-resistant AgNPs, Ag-SOA-PC-HT. The stability 7-month aged, 20-100 nm...

Potential differences in species susceptibility to nanoparticle (NP) contaminants make the use of multispecies community toxicity testing strategies beneficial understanding NP risk aquatic environments. Because limited knowledge zinc oxide (ZnO) fate and toxicity, we conducted exposures compared responses individual same a comprised algae (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii), bacteria (Escherichia coli), crustaceans (Daphnia magna), zebrafish (Danio rerio). Different-sized ZnO particles ionic Zn...

Abstract: Dendrimers are well-defined, polymeric nanomaterials currently being investigated for biomedical applications such as medical imaging, gene therapy, and tissue targeted therapy. Initially, higher generation (size) dendrimers were of interest because their drug carrying capacity. However, increased was associated with toxicity. The majority studies exploring dendrimer toxicity have focused on a small range materials using cell culture methods, few investigating the across wide in...

An efficient and rapid testing paradigm to evaluate the biological uptake, distribution, ecological risks of Cu based NPs.

Tire tread particles (TTP) are environmentally prevalent microplastics and generate toxic aqueous leachate. We determined the total carbon nitrogen leachate concentrations chemical profiles from micron (∼32 μm) centimeter (∼1 cm) TTP over 12 days. Dissolved organic (DOC) dissolved (TDN) were used to measure concentration of leached compounds. Nontargeted analysis by comprehensive two-dimensional gas chromatography coupled time-of-flight mass spectrometry (GC × GC/TOF-MS) was compare...

Abstract There is a critical need to generate environmentally relevant microplastics (MPs) and nanoplastics (NPs) better investigate their behavior in laboratory settings. Environmental MPs are heterogenous size shape, unlike monodisperse uniform microspheres commonly used as surrogates. Cryogenic grinding, or cryomilling, was successfully utilized transform polystyrene (PS) bulk material into micro nano fragments. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed that this approach...

Surface coatings play an important role in silver nanoparticle dissolution, uptake and toxicity increasing trophic complexity decreases organismal susceptibility.

Given the costs associated with designing novel active ingredients, new formulations focus on use of other ingredients to modify existing formulations. Nanosized encapsulated pesticides offer a variety enhanced features including controlled release and improved efficacy. Despite presence nanosized capsules in current-use pesticide formulations, analytical toxicological implications encapsulation are uncertain. To explore this issue quantitatively, we fractionated commercially available...

Agglomeration of nanoplastics in waters can alter their transport and fate the environment. behavior 4 differing core composition (red- or blue-dyed polystyrene) surface chemistry (plain carboxylated poly[methyl methacrylate] [PMMA]) was investigated across a salinity gradient. No agglomeration observed for PMMA at any salinity, whereas plain agglomerated only 1 g/L. Both red blue polystyrene 25 Results indicate that both impact how environmental affects plastic nanoparticle agglomeration....

The widespread use of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) in various applications and industries has brought to light the need for understanding complex relationship between physicochemical properties (shape, size, charge, surface chemistry) AgNPs that affect their ability enter cells cause toxicity. To evaluate toxicological outcomes, this study systematically analyzed a series homogeneous hybrid lipid-coated spanning sizes from 5 100 nm with diverse shapes (spheres, triangles, cubes). lipid...

Rubber materials enter aquatic environments by stormwater runoff via sources such as playground mulch, athletic fields, and roadway surfaces. Tire rubbers are considered plastics they comprise a substantial portion of synthetic polymers. particles complex variable depending on the type, source, age rubber. In this study, zebrafish embryos daphnids were exposed to nano-scale or micro-scale particles, leachate from recycled rubber (RR), crumb (CR), cryo-milled tire tread (CMTT). Zebrafish...

Gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) are increasingly used in biomedical applications, hence understanding the processes that affect their biocompatibility and stability of significant interest. In this study, we assessed peptide-capped AuNPs embryonic zebrafish (Danio rerio) as a vertebrate system to investigate impact synthesis method purity on biocompatibility. Using glutathione (GSH) stabilizer, Au-GSH with identical core sizes were terminally modified Tryptophan (Trp), Histidine (His) or...

Lignin is the second most abundant biopolymer on Earth after cellulose. Since lignin breaks down in environment naturally, nanoparticles may serve as biodegradable carriers of biocidal actives with minimal environmental footprint compared to conventional antimicrobial formulations. Here, a nanoparticle (LNP) coated chitosan was engineered. Previous studies show both and exhibit properties. Another study showed that adding coating can improve adsorption LNPs biological samples by...

The hydrophobicity of nanoparticles (NPs) is a key property determining environmental fate, biological partitioning and toxicity. However, methods to characterize surface are not uniformly applied NPs cannot quantify changes in complex environments. Existing designed evaluate the bulk solids, chemicals, proteins have significant limitations when NPs. In this study, we modified evaluated two determine NPs, hydrophobic interaction chromatography (HIC) dye adsorption, compared them standard...

Summary 1. The impact of flash flooding on microbial distribution and biogeochemistry was investigated in the parafluvial zone (the part active channel lateral to surface stream) Sycamore Creek, a Sonoran Desert stream central Arizona. 2. It hypothesized that subsurface bacteria were dependent import algal‐derived organic matter from stream, it therefore predicted numbers rates microbially mediated processes would be highest at locations hydrologic exchange times when algal biomass high. 3....

The integration of rapid assays, large datasets, informatics, and modeling can overcome current barriers in understanding nanomaterial structure–toxicity relationships by providing a weight-of-the-evidence mechanism to generate hazard rankings for nanomaterials. Here, we present the use rapid, low-cost assay perform screening-level toxicity evaluations nanomaterials vivo. Calculated EZ Metric scores, combined measure morbidity mortality developing embryonic zebrafish, were established at...

Zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs) are widely used in a variety of products, thus understanding their health and environmental impacts is necessary to appropriately manage risks. To keep pace with the rapid increase products utilizing engineered ZnO NPs, silico toxicity test methods based on knowledge comprehensive vivo vitro toxic responses beneficial determining potential nanoparticle impacts. achieve or enhance desired function, chemical modifications often performed NPs surface; however,...

Determining the specific nanomaterial features that elicit adverse biological responses is important to inform risk assessments, develop targeted applications, and rationally design future nanomaterials.

Inherent nanomaterial characteristics, composition, surface chemistry, and primary particle size, are known to impact stability, uptake, toxicity. Nanocomposites challenge our ability predict nanoparticle reactivity in biological systems if they composed of materials with contrasting relative toxicities. We hypothesized that toxicity would be dominated by the (shell vs core), modulating ligands have a direct on uptake. exposed developing zebrafish (Danio rerio) series ~70 nm amine-terminated...