A new Cu(I) metal–organic framework, {[Cu(pytpy)]·NO3·CH3OH}∞ (1), which is a 4-fold interpenetrating 3D framework with (10,3)-b topology, has been synthesized by self-assembly of Cu(NO3)2·3H2O 2,4,6-tris(4-pyridyl)pyridine (pytpy) in mixed-solvent. The guest methanol molecules the channels 1 could be replaced water via single-crystal-to-single-crystal (SC–SC) process, and hydrated complex serve as host for sensing anions different geometries can conveniently recognized visually. Moreover,...

Project complexity leads to transaction risks in interorganizational exchanges and can negatively affect performance if appropriate governance mechanisms are absent. Although the contract prevails construction projects address risks, its role coping with complexity-related risk has not yet been fully investigated. Given this circumstance, paper differentiates between three types of project illustrates relational caused by each dimension. This research also distinguishes contractual functions...

In construction projects, contractors often engage in opportunistic behavior. This research aims to examine the effect of asset specificity on contractors' behavior (strong form and weak form), including exploring comparing governance effectiveness contract trust. The empirical results from a survey 228 Chinese owners reveal that has positive effects strong behavior, is stronger. further show impact form) reduces as contractual complexity increases. decreases trust strengthens. Accordingly,...

Oxidative stress is a hallmark of many cancers. Probiotics with antioxidant properties have been found to alleviate oxidative stress. Lactiplantibacillus plantarum ZJ316 (L. ZJ316) an exceptional strain that shows excellent hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) tolerance, sensitivity the seven antibiotics (ampicillin, gentamicin, kanamycin, erythromycin, glycine, tetracycline and chloramphenicol) recommended by European Food Safety Authority (EFSA), exhibits good cell hydrophobicity Caco-2 adhesion...

Building on the multifunctional perspective from current contract theory, we conceptualize contractual complexity as a three-dimensional construct to depict explicitness and elaborateness of control, coordination, adaptation provisions in construction project contract. A 13-item scale with features is developed for measuring different aspects following rigorous development procedures. Using structural equation modeling technique, empirical testing results demonstrate that all three...

Purpose This study aims to integrate perspectives of transaction costs and capabilities investigate how the configurational fit between outsourcing strategies, asset specificity projects general contractors could achieve high performance. Design/methodology/approach Employing fuzzy-set qualitative comparative analysis, this analyzes 31 cases in construction examine performance under different combinations capabilities. Findings The findings highlight six but functionally equivalent...

Contractual incentive and trust are two commonly used governance mechanisms that help to promote inter-organizational cooperation. Little is known, however, about the boundary conditions for complementation of these mechanisms. The aim investigate interaction contractual in promoting A three-staged Stackelberg model was established then solved by backward induction. Research results indicate can motivate contractor's task behaviours, while effect on relational behaviours path-dependent....

Contract violations have become common problems in construction projects, yet little of the contract literature addresses question responses to (i.e., enforcement). This research investigates effects trust on enforcement a principal–agent relationship and explores mediating role risk perception those effects. The authors distributed 429 electronic questionnaires received 280 responses. After deleting completed under 100 s nonmanager responses, we narrowed total 253 valid from professionals...

Construction contracts, such as FIDIC model are relatively complex and cumbersome, their composition needs to be better understood. This research uses a multi-functional approach that is widely recognized in the contract literature, anatomizes contracts order gain holistic comprehensive understanding of them. Moreover, this comparatively analyses distribution three functions, namely control, coordination adaptation, four forms explore how project delivery systems (PDSs) affect design. After...

Contracts are the main governance mechanism regulating construction participants' behaviors and safeguarding project performance. Besides traditional subjective measurement via survey, machine learning has been utilized as a more objective method to measure contract complexity in field of management. However, little is known about whether misalignment between these two measurements exists their impact on performance differs. To answer questions, we collected 202 pairs contracts...

This article explores the effect of prior ties on trust in contract enforcement after contractual breaches, which is underdeveloped existing literature, from a multifunctional perspective. In this research, both goodwill-based and competence-based have been distinguished to explore their mediating effects influence enforcement; two diverse functions contracts, controlling coordination, differentiated. study also examined moderating shadow future these functions. Using data gathered...

Purpose This paper aims to explain how contractual complexity, including control, coordination and adaptation, makes a difference the task relationship conflict, then, investigate moderating roles played by both, total interdependence asymmetry, in altering association between two types of conflicts. Design/methodology/approach study obtained data through questionnaire survey Chinese construction industry final sample consisted 232 responses. The were analysed using hierarchy analysis SPSS....

Contracts are crucial for curbing opportunism, a common phenomenon in construction projects. This article differentiates among the contractual mechanisms of obligatoriness, monitoring, and coordination, studies relationships between complexity above functions different types opportunistic behavior. Using data from 262 clients (i.e., parties issuing contracts) Chinese industry, this reveals that obligatoriness has negative effect on strong-form At same time, monitoring coordination have...

Contracts can serve three functions—Control, Coordination, and Adaptation—to mitigate different risks. This multifunctional perspective based on the development of contract theory has been introduced in construction industries to analyze how general conditions contracts deal with However, particular present specific requirements closely related projects, which generate additional risks for both parties. To fill gap, this study analyzes nine from projects good performance respectively...

The subcontracting organizational arrangement has received limited attention in designing the control mechanism. This study explored how managerial controls affect opportunistic behaviour and developed a contingency framework to investigate moderating effect of dispersion. By using survey data from 323 general contractors Chinese construction industry, this reveals that both outcome clan curb occurrence subcontractors' behaviours while scarcely helps. Besides, subcontractor dispersion...

It is crucial for the owner of a construction project to select an appropriate delivery system (PDS) during early decision-making stages project. Due uncertainty or lack information, parameters PDS are difficult measure and quantify. Therefore, there still major challenges objective selection PDSs. This research proposes novel systematic model by using combination case-based reasoning (CBR) robust nonparametric production frontier method. The Bayesian-Structural Equation Modeling (SEM)...

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to establish an integrated framework the antecedents enforcement after contract violations in construction projects and examine whether provisions (control coordination provisions) trust (goodwill competence trust) affect mechanisms (contractual relational enforcement). Design/methodology/approach A survey method was employed test hypotheses. authors collected data from Chinese industry, general contractor respondents were asked answer a questionnaire...