Underbalanced foam drilling stands out as a technique acclaimed for its capacity to enhance safety and efficiency in operations. Utilizing foams fluids offers several benefits over traditional methods, including lower density, diminished formation damage, augmented borehole stability. However, the persistent challenge of sustaining stability demanding conditions, particularly amid elevated water salinity alkaline environments, remains critical issue. Current literature lacks comprehensive...

Calcium chloride brine-based drill-in fluid is commonly used within the reservoir section, as it specially formulated to maximize drilling experience, and protect from being damaged. Monitoring rheology including plastic viscosity, P V , apparent A yield point, Y p flow behavior index, n consistency k has great importance in evaluating hole cleaning optimizing hydraulics. Therefore, very crucial for mud be checked periodically during drilling, order control its persistent change. Such...

Determination of in-situ stresses is essential for subsurface planning and modeling, such as horizontal well hydraulic fracture design. In-situ consist overburden stress (σv), minimum (σh), maximum (σH) stresses. The σh σH are difficult to determine, whereas the can be determined directly from density logs. estimated either borehole injection tests or theoretical finite elements methods. However, these methods complex, expensive, need unavailable tectonic data. This study aims apply...

Multistage hydraulic fracturing is a technique to extract hydrocarbon from tight and unconventional reservoirs. Although big advancements occurred in this field, understanding of the created fractures location, size, complexity, proppant distribution its infancy. This study provides recent advances methods techniques used diagnose formations. These include tracer flowback analysis, fiber optics such as distributed temperature sensing (DTS) acoustic (DAS), tiltmeters, microseismic monitoring,...

Foam, a versatile underbalanced drilling fluid, shows potential for improving the efficiency and reducing formation damage. However, existing literature lacks insight into foam behavior under high-pH conditions. This study introduces novel approach using synthesized seawater, replacing conventional use of freshwater on-site foaming system's liquid base. is in line with sustainability objectives offers perspectives on stability Experiments, conducted high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT)...

Underbalanced foam drilling (UBFD) requires stable systems that maintain low density and high carrying capacity under elevated pressure temperature (EPT) conditions. However, achieving stability performance in challenging environments remains critical. This study explores the novel application of Saudi calcium bentonite as an additive to enhance ammonium alcohol ether sulfate (AAES)-based foams, addressing stability, rheology, resistance hydrocarbon contamination. AAES-based foams were...

Uniaxial compressive strength (UCS) is a critical geo-mechanical property used to assess the mechanical properties of subsurface formations. While traditional laboratory tests for UCS estimation are accurate, they time-consuming and costly. The advancements in machine learning offer more efficient option prediction using real-time data. This work investigates predictive ability three types Gradient Boosting Machines (GBMs): Standard Boosting, Stochastic eXtreme (XGBoost) prediction. Unlike...

Abstract Drilling fluids play a crucial role in ensuring wellbore stability, cooling drill bits, and transporting cuttings to the surface. Among various properties of drilling fluids, filtration behavior is particularly significant, as it directly affects integrity, formation damage, overall efficiency. These effects are further amplified under high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) conditions, where fluid loss control becomes more complex due extreme environmental factors. Traditionally,...

Synthetic well log generation using artificial intelligence tools is a robust solution for situations in which logging data are not available or partially lost. Formation bulk density (RHOB) greatly assist identifying downhole formations. These measured the field while drilling by tool form of either (LWD) technique (more often) wireline after formations drilled. This due to operational limitations during process. Therefore, objective this study was develop predictive estimating RHOB an...

Abstract Underbalanced foam drilling (UBFD) represents a pivotal technique aimed at enhancing safety and operational efficiency within operations. Despite its recognized benefits, the challenge of maintaining stability persists, particularly in conditions characterized by elevated water salinity alkalinity. This study endeavors to bridge this gap introducing eco-friendly Gemini surfactant (GS12) for foams evaluating performance under mildly alkaline conditions. Employing dynamic analyzer,...

Rock mechanical properties play a key role in the optimization process of engineering practices oil and gas industry so that better field development decisions can be made. Estimation these is central well placement, drilling programs, completion design. The elastic behavior rocks studied by determining two main parameters: Young’s modulus Poisson’s ratio. Accurate determination ratio helps to estimate in-situ horizontal stresses turn, avoid many critical problems which interrupt operations,...

High-bentonite mud (HBM) is a water-based drilling fluid characterized by its remarkable improvement in cutting removal and hole cleaning efficiency. Periodic monitoring of the rheological properties HBM mandatory for optimizing operation. The objective this study to develop new sets correlations using artificial neural network (ANN) predict parameters while frequent measurements, every 15 20 min, density (MD) Marsh funnel viscosity (FV). ANN models were developed 200 field data points....

Abstract The determination of formation tops while drilling plays a pivotal role in the efficiency and cost-effectiveness operations. Identifying lithology changes real-time is crucial for adapting programs, optimizing well designs, ensuring overall success process. Real-time detection provides valuable tool mitigating uncertainties associated with geological data limitations, especially during exploration phase. As formations vary composition characteristics, ability to predict these...

Summary Foam drilling offers advantages such as reduced formation damage and faster in underbalanced (UBD) operations. The efficacy of foam is influenced by factors including pressure, temperature, salt content, quality, pH levels. However, a gap exists the evaluation properties under rigorous conditions, particularly those involving high mixed environments common scenarios, highlighting need for further research. In this study, high-pressure, high-temperature (HPHT) analyzer rheometer were...

Abstract Cement Evaluation Logs are generally used to evaluate the quality of cement sheath behind casing or liner before a well test production operation is performed in well. In many countries, regulatory authorities require that evaluation logs be done every after cementing operations investigate presence and sheath. The main objective process hydraulic isolation principle bond log (CBL) tools send an acoustic signal inside measuring impedance between formation. interpretation processing...

Abstract Lithology types identification is one of the processes geoscientists rely on to understand subsurface formations and better evaluate quality reservoirs aquifers. However, direct lithological usually require more effort time. Therefore, researchers developed several machine learning models based well-logging data avoid challenges associated with increase accuracy. Nevertheless, high uncertainty low accuracy are commonly encountered issues due heterogeneous nature lithology types....

Abstract Accurately estimating gel strength is paramount for optimizing drilling operations and preventing cuttings from settling at the wellbore's bottom. Traditional methods rely on rotational viscometers, which are time-intensive, equipment-dependent, lack real-time monitoring capabilities. This study investigates use of machine learning (ML) techniques to forecast fluid strength. A dataset comprising surface parameters laboratory measurements was gathered construct ML models. Selected...

Abstract The primary objective of this study is to investigate the effects flow rate, salinity, and rock permeability on degradation an ATBS-based polymer during flooding (PF). Experiments were conducted using solutions in both moderate (57,670 ppm) low (5,767 salinity environments at 80°C. experiments carried out Indiana limestone core plugs with permeabilities 195 mD 419 mD. Two distinct rates, 0.5 cc/min 2 cc/min, employed assess behavior. Key findings include a direct correlation between...

Safe mud window (SMW) defines the allowable limits of weights that can be used while drilling O&G wells. Controlling weight within SMW would help avoid many serious problems such as wellbore instability issues, loss circulation, etc. defined by minimum below which shear failure (breakout) may occur (MWBO) and maximum above tensile (breakdown) (MWBD). These determined from geomechanical analysis downhole formations. However, is not always accessible for most drilled Therefore, in this study,...

Synthetic well-log generation using artificial intelligence tools is presented as a robust solution when the logging data are not available or partially lost. Formation bulk density (RHOB) greatly assist in identifying downhole formations. It measured field log tool either while drilling by technique (LWD) mostly wireline after formations drilled because of operational limitations during process. Therefore objective this study to develop predictive for estimating RHOB neural networks (ANN)...