To quantitate plasma ceramide subspecies concentrations in obese subjects with type 2 diabetes and relate these levels to the severity of insulin resistance. Ceramides are a putative mediator resistance lipotoxicity, accumulation ceramides within tissues diabetic has been well described.

This article summarizes presentations from a 2014 United States Department of Defense (DoD) Health Affairs Women in Combat symposium addressing physiological, musculoskeletal injury, and optimized physical training considerations the operational performance section. The was held to provide state-of-the-science meeting on U.S. DoD's rescinding ground combat exclusion policy opening up combat-centric occupations women. Physiological, metabolic, body composition, bone density, cardiorespiratory...

OBJECTIVE Restoration of insulin secretion is critical for the treatment type 2 diabetes. Exercise and diet can alter glucose-induced responses, but whether this due to changes in β-cell function per se not clear. The mechanisms by which lifestyle intervention may modify diabetes have also been examined involve incretin axis. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Twenty-nine older, obese (aged 65 ± 1 years; BMI 33.6 1.0 kg/m2) subjects, including individuals with newly diagnosed (obese-type diabetic)...

Hepatic steatosis, insulin resistance, inflammation, low levels of polyunsaturated lipids, and adiponectin are implicated in the development progression nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD).We examined effects short-term aerobic exercise on these metabolic risk factors.Obese individuals (N = 17, 34.3 ± 1.0 kg/m²) with clinically confirmed NAFLD were enrolled a program that consisted 7 consecutive days treadmill walking at ~85% maximal heart rate for 60 minutes per day. Preintervention...

High-speed boat operators (HSBO) are exposed to high-impact forces and unstable platforms that linked spine pain musculoskeletal injury risk. This study sought determine the effects of different military occupational specialties (MOS) on kinematics in 86 active-duty personnel (64 HSBO 22 Marines). The relationships between postures, pain, disability were also examined. Upright MRI scans performed sitting standing positions sagittal cobb angle, angle with respect horizontal plane, sacral...

Over the past two hundred years mankind has made remarkable progress in health with life expectancy more than doubling and global population growing ten fold or 10X. The epidemiological transition from communicable to chronic disease, originally described by Omron 1971, coupled clinical workforce shortage attrition will force healthcare systems evolve a new paradigm. This paradigm I call Stay Left, Shift Left-10X (SL2-10X) which introduced as CIO of Ireland’s Health Service Executive is...

To determine the perceived education and training needs in adolescent health of professionals.Cross-sectional survey Setting subjects: Hospital staff a UK children's hospital.perceived barriers, confidence, knowledge, skill prior teaching key subject areas.The hospital was completed by 159/1400 professionals representing completion rate 11%. Doctors from 'Professions allied to medicine' rated 'lack training', materials' ' lack community resources' as main barriers providing developmentally...

Aging and obesity are characterized by decreased beta-cell sensitivity defects in the potentiation of nutrient-stimulated insulin secretion GIP. Exercise diet known to improve glucose metabolism pancreatic response glucose, this effect may be mediated through incretin The purpose study was assess effects a 12-wk exercise training intervention (5 days/wk, 60 min/day, 75% Vo(2 max)) combined with eucaloric (EX, n = 10) or hypocaloric (EX-HYPO, pre: 1,945 +/- 190, post: 1,269 70, kcal/day; 9)...

In Brief Study Design. Feasibility study on the acquisition of lumbar spine kinematic data from upright magnetic resonance images obtained under heavy load carrying conditions. Objective. To characterize effect spinal kinematics active Marines typical conditions a macroscopic and lumbar-level approach in active-duty US Marines. Summary Background Data. Military personnel carry loads up to 68 kg depending duty position nature mission or training; these are excess recommended assault loads....

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The efficacy of combining carbohydrate quality with exercise on metabolic syndrome risk is unclear. Thus, we determined the effects training a low (LoGIx)- or high (HiGIx)-glycemic index diet severity (Z-score). <b><i>Methods:</i></b> Twenty-one adults (66.2 ± 1.1 years; BMI = 35.3 0.9 kg/m<sup>2</sup>) were randomized to 12 weeks (60 min/day for 5 days/week at about 85% HR<sub>max</sub>) and...

Purpose Several studies have identified relationships between weight loss and adipokine levels; however, none looked at the combined effect of aerobic exercise training with consumption a low- or high-glycemic diet. We examined effects 12 wk either low–glycemic index diet (∼40 U) plus (LoGIX) high–glycemic (∼80 (HiGIX) on plasma leptin adiponectin (total high molecular [HMW]) in 27 older obese adults (age = 65 ± 0.5 yr, body mass 34.5 0.7 kg·m−2). Methods Insulin sensitivity was calculated...

U.S. Marines perform mission tasks under heavy loads which may compromise performance of combat tasks. However, data supporting this decrement are limited.The aim study was to determine the effects load on combat-related tasks.Subjects (N=18) ran a modified Maneuver Under Fire ([MANUF], 300 yards [yd] total: two 25-yd sprints, crawl, 75-yd casualty drag, 150-yd ammunition can carry, and grenade toss) portion Marine Corps Combat Fitness Test 4 trial conditions: neat (no load), 15%, 30%, 45%...

Objective U.S. military special operation forces represent the most elite units of Armed Forces. Their selection is highly competitive, and over course their service careers, they experience intensive operational training combat deployment cycles. Yet, little known about health-care needs this unique population. Method Professional consultations with 50 operators (and many spouses or girlfriends) past 6 years created a naturalistic, observational base knowledge that allowed our team to...

Visceral fat has been linked to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM); emerging data links RBP4 gene expression in adipose tissue with resistance. In this study, we examined protein omental obtained from 24 severely obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery, 10 lean controls (4 males/6 females, BMI = 23.2 +/- 1.5 kg/m(2)) elective abdominal surgeries. Twelve of the had T2DM (2 males/10 BMI: 44.7 12 normal glucose tolerance (NGT: 4 males/8 47.6 1.9 kg/m(2)). Adipose RBP4,...

Purpose High–molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin is the biologically active form of and related to enhanced insulin sensitivity metabolic function. Previously, we found that 7 d exercise improves in obese subjects; however, whether short-term training affects HMW persons unknown. Methods We examined effect seven consecutive days supervised vigorous (60 min·d−1, 85% HRmax) on leptin secretion 17 individuals (age = 55 ± 3 yr; body mass index 33.7 0.9 kg·m−2). Insulin was calculated from an oral...

Abstract Musculoskeletal injuries cost the U.S. Marine Corps approximately $111 million and 356,000 lost duty days annually. Information identifying most common types of events leading to their cause would help target mitigation efforts. The purpose this effort was conduct an archival data review injury during recruit training. An dataset recruits from 2011 2016 reviewed included 43,004 observations 28,829 unique individuals. Injuries were classified as mild, moderate, severe categorized...