Using a multilevel comparative framework, we propose that politically receptive city contexts facilitate the viability of marginalized neighborhoods. To illustrate this proposition, examine relationship between immigrant concentration and neighborhood violence. Drawing on political process minority incorporation theories, argue favorable opportunities will strengthen often-found inverse immigration crime at level. Unique data from National Neighborhood Crime Study (Peterson Krivo 2010a)...

This article examines the relationship between community structural conditions and racially motivated crimes against blacks whites. Drawing on six years of police reports, census data, survey data Chicago communities, study evaluates alternative hypotheses about social organization racial hate crime derived from disorganization, resource competition, defended communities perspectives. Multivariate analyses controlling for spatial autocorrelation reveal that antiblack crimes, in contrast to...

Despite the continued importance of discrimination for racial labor market inequality, little research explores process by which workers name potentially negative experiences as race discrimination. Drawing on legal consciousness literature and organizational approaches to employment discrimination, we assess effect social status, job characteristics, workplace context likelihood that perceive at work. Analyzing data from Multi-City Study Urban Inequality, find ascriptive status is...

Journal Article Compounded Disadvantage: Race, Incarceration, and Wage Growth Get access Christopher J. Lyons, Lyons Direct correspondence to: Department of Sociology, University New Mexico, MSC05 3083, Albuquerque, NM 87131-1166. E-mail: clyons@umn.edu; or to Becky Pettit, Washington, Box 353340, Seattle, WA 98195-3340. bpettit@u.washington.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Pettit Social Problems, Volume 58, Issue 2, 1 May 2011, Pages...

Journal Article Urban Revitalization and Seattle Crime, 1982–2000 Get access Derek A. Kreager, Kreager Direct correspondence to: Department of Sociology, Pennsylvania State University, 211 Oswald Tower, University Park, PA 16802-6207. E-mail: dkreager@psu.edu Search for other works by this author on: Oxford Academic PubMed Google Scholar Christopher J. Lyons, Lyons Zachary R. Hays Social Problems, Volume 58, Issue 4, 1 November 2011, Pages 615–639, https://doi.org/10.1525/sp.2011.58.4.615...

Over the past 30 years, U.S. inmate population has increased dramatically, and penal system acquired growing attention in accounts of recent trends economic stratification. As prison expanded, its aged; incarceration rates have risen sharpest among older age groups. A large body research documents differences criminal offending over life course, but little been paid to how effects spending time depend on timing course. Using state administrative data that provide significant variance...

This study investigates the influence of social status on attributions blame in specific instances hate crime. Two theoretical explanations for impact offender's and victim's characteristics evaluations crimes are examined. The stigma perspective suggests that public will deride minority-status individuals, whereas sympathy implies be sympathetic to members minorities. Results from a factorial survey reveal mixed support both perspectives, depending (race, gender, or sexual orientation)....

When applied to homicide clearance by arrest, the victim-devaluing perspective posits that police favor higher—social status victims allocating greater investigative effort their cases. Previous studies have measured social via a dichotomous race variable (White vs. Black, White non-White, or non-Hispanic racial/ ethnic minority). As Hispanic population grows in United States, it is increasingly important extend research beyond traditional questions of racial/ethnic differences. Using...

Previous clearance research provides an incomplete test of theories emphasizing the role both victim and offender status in police discretion. Using National Incident Based Reporting System (NIBRS) data, we investigate impact victim's offender's race, and, particular, victim— racial dyads on homicide by arrest, using event history (survival) analysis, so that time to censoring are considered. We also compare models for with those aggravated assault. For homicides, results indicate incidents...

Despite significant advances in the study of neighborhoods and crime, criminologists have paid surprisingly less attention to extralocal forces that shape violence. To address this issue, we draw on an emerging body work stresses role home mortgage lending—a resource secured via interaction with external actors—in reducing neighborhood violence extend it by addressing concerns lending–violence relationship is spurious confounded simultaneity. We explore longitudinal between residential...

Studying hate crime clearance rates provides an opportunity to uncover the factors that influence police effectiveness for a relatively new legal category—one was designed ostensibly protect minorities, and may pose unique challenges reporting, defining, investigation. Using multiple years (2005-2010) of data from National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS), we estimate event history models compare incident-level predictors relative probability arrest nonbias crimes. As aggregate...

Goniotomy is effective in managing intraocular pressure childhood glaucoma secondary to uveitis with cumulative probability of success 0.94 after 1 year and 0.77 5 years. To evaluate the long-term goniotomy for chronic uveitis. Retrospective chart review all children treated this indication from 2001 2023. Post operative was defined as IOP ≥ 6 ≤ 21 mmHg or 2 goniotomies, without need further surgical intervention sight-threatening complication. 31 eyes patients were included. Mean age at...

Although the rapid diffusion of hate crime legislation since 1980s indicates widespread success antiviolence movement at policy level, effective responses to crimes – such as reporting incidents authorities are partly contingent on how individuals initially interpret potential incidents. This paper investigates degree which individuals' perceptions concrete events harassment and violence mirror interpretive frameworks offered by proponents legislation. Specifically, study examines...

Communities and crime research often invokes historical housing policies to explain vast disparities in crime. However, these assertions are rarely tested. Using lending security maps from the government-sponsored Home Owner’s Loan Corporation (HOLC), we examine consequences for neighborhood of a notorious policy intervention market: practice “redlining” that discouraged investment Black, non-White, poor areas. The HOLC represent class race biases embedded market may have institutionalized...

Abstract For over a century, scholars have traced higher levels of serious crime in minority compared to White neighborhoods stark socioeconomic inequality. Yet, this research is largely cross-sectional and does not assess how ethnoracial differences patterns evolve time response shifting structural conditions. The new century witnessed substantial changes the circumstances that undergird divide neighborhood as well national decline. How are changing dynamics urban inequality reinforcing or...

Neurological lesions that cause dyskinetic cerebral palsy (CP) commonly involve ocular movements. This report describes a group of 14 children (nine males, five females) whose CP is associated with severe eye Ages ranged from 4 months to 13 years (mean 6.9 years). Clinical features this movement disorder are discussed and defined. The visual function these slow, variable, highly inefficient. They often misdiagnosed as blind, due cortical impairment. Early recognition moment appropriate...

We explore the multilevel determinants of intimate partner violence (IPV) against women in rural Uttar Pradesh, India. focus on village tolerance abuse and its ability to regulate effects individual village-level women's status social capital. Using data from 1998 1999 India National Family Health Survey, we find that at levels help explain risk IPV. Village also moderates capital protect Results underscore need understand processes sustain and/or challenge violence-legitimating norms.

Stark ethno-racial differences in reported neighborhood crime are a major facet of contemporary U.S. inequality. However, the most generalizable research on inequality across cities is only for 2000. Many underpinnings have changed since 2000—increases socioeconomic segregation, Great Recession and attendant housing crisis, continuation decline, shifting trends incarceration other types social control, small decreases racial residential segregation. We provide much-needed assessment whether...

Social scientists have long known that crime is higher in minority versus White neighborhoods. Predominant accounts of this pattern invoke a racial invariance thesis, which posits (1) accounting for inequalities structural disadvantages substantially diminishes ethno-racial gaps neighborhood and (2) key predictors operate uniformly across neighborhoods different types. Unfortunately, little work examines the second assertion invariance, leaving conclusions about thesis tentative. We address...

Despite recent calls, research on ISL has focused almost exclusively learning outcomes for global North students. We know comparatively less about how programs may impact the knowledge and perceptions of student participants from hos t countries in South. examine Kenyan students who interact with visiting a U S university. Using an original survey case control design, we compare responses pa rtner school those nearby to explore program participation influences ideas citizenship, viewpoints...

The rate of police-involved killings in the U.S. greatly exceeds that other industrialized nations and is highly racially disproportionate. Yet, we know relatively little about antecedents police violence, even less what explains distribution across space. We ask whether there a connection between contemporary country's unique history racial subjugation violence. focus particularly on lynching era violence South 1877 1950 during which vigilantes killed thousands Blacks hundreds Whites....

Abstract Cross-sectional scholarship demonstrates the importance of U.S. racial structure in precipitating dramatic divisions serious crime across neighborhoods. Yet, we know much less about degree and sources disparities how neighborhood changes over time, despite considerable evolution components order. We articulate a dynamic structural perspective that centers unfolding nature residential segregation producing altering racially structured socioeconomic realities. contend these racialized...