An optical equivalent of the field-programmable gate array (FPGA) is great interest to large-scale photonic integrated circuits. Previous programmable devices relying on weak, volatile thermo-optic or electro-optic effect usually suffer from a large footprint and high energy consumption. Phase change materials (PCMs) offer promising solution due nonvolatile in refractive index upon phase transition. However, loss PCMs poses serious problem. Here, by exploiting an asymmetric directional...

Reconfiguration of silicon photonic integrated circuits relying on the weak, volatile thermo-optic or electro-optic effect usually suffers from a large footprint and energy consumption. Here, integrating phase-change material, Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) with microring resonators, we demonstrate an energy-efficient, compact, non-volatile, reprogrammable platform. By adjusting number free-space laser pulses applied to GST, characterize strong broadband attenuation optical phase modulation effects...

Reconfigurability of photonic integrated circuits (PICs) has become increasingly important due to the growing demands for electronic-photonic systems on a chip driven by emerging applications, including neuromorphic computing, quantum information, and microwave photonics. Success in these fields usually requires highly scalable switching units as essential building blocks. Current switches, however, mainly rely materials with weak, volatile thermo-optic or electro-optic modulation effects,...

Abstract Phase change materials (PCMs) have long been used as a storage medium in rewritable compact disk and later random access memory. In recent years, integration of PCMs with nanophotonic structures has introduced new paradigm for non‐volatile reconfigurable optics. However, the high loss archetypal PCM Ge 2 Sb Te 5 both visible telecommunication wavelengths fundamentally limited its applications. S 3 recently emerged wide‐bandgap transparency windows ranging from 610 nm to near‐IR....

Scalable programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) can potentially transform the current state of classical and quantum optical information processing. However, traditional means programming, including thermo-optic, free carrier dispersion, Pockels effect result in either large device footprints or high static energy consumptions, significantly limiting their scalability. While chalcogenide-based non-volatile phase-change materials (PCMs) could mitigate these problems thanks to strong...

Progress in integrated nanophotonics has enabled large-scale programmable photonic circuits (PICs) for general-purpose electronic-photonic systems on a chip. Relying the weak, volatile thermo-optic or electro-optic effects, such usually exhibit limited reconfigurability along with high energy consumption and large footprints. These challenges can be addressed by resorting to chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) as Ge2Sb2Te5 (GST) that provide substantial optical contrast self-holding...

Nano-resonators integrated with two-dimensional materials (e.g. transition metal dichalcogenides) have recently emerged as a promising nano-optoelectronic platform. Here we demonstrate resonator-enhanced second-harmonic generation (SHG) in tungsten diselenide using silicon photonic crystal cavity. By pumping the device ultrafast laser pulses near cavity mode at telecommunication wavelength, observe visible SHG narrow linewidth and unity linear polarization, originated from coupling of pump...

The traditional ways of tuning a silicon photonic network are mainly based on the thermo-optic effect or free carrier dispersion. drawbacks these methods volatile nature and extremely small change in complex refractive index (Δn<0.001). In order to achieve low energy consumption smaller footprint for applications such as memories, optical computing, programmable gate array, neural network, it is essential that two states system exhibit high contrast remain non-volatile. Phase materials...

Programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) have recently gained significant interest because of their potential in creating next-generation technologies ranging from artificial neural networks and microwave photonics to quantum information processing. The fundamental building block such programmable PICs is a 2 × unit, traditionally controlled by the thermo-optic or free-carrier dispersion. However, these implementations are power-hungry volatile large footprint (typically >100 μm)....

Emerging van der Waals materials exhibit a wide range of optical and electronic properties, making them attractive for nanophotonic devices. Due to the nature interactions, this new class can be readily integrated with other existing structures, leading novel device architectures operating principles. In review, we will present progress active nanophotonics, realized by integrating on-chip waveguides or resonators. Additionally, review emerging research area in where structures are fully...

Ultrathin and flat optical lenses are essential for modern imaging, spectroscopy, energy harvesting. Dielectric metasurfaces comprising nanoscale quasi-periodic resonator arrays promising such applications, as they can tailor the phase, amplitude, polarization of light at subwavelength resolution, enabling multi-functional elements. To achieve 2\pi phase coverage, however, most dielectric metalenses need a thickness comparable to wavelength, requiring fabrication high-aspect-ratio scattering...

We propose an electrically driven electro-optical modulator integrated with the phase-change material Ge <sub xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sub> Sb Te xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">5</sub> (GST). This incorporates a hybrid Si-GST-Cu waveguide input and output Si waveguides. For active segment of 0.2 μm <sup xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> , switched phase is stable off/on extinction ratios >5.4 dB...

We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of a multi-slot photonic crystal (PhC) cavity sensor on silicon-on-insulator platform. By optimizing structure PhC cavity, most light can be distributed in lower index region; thus, sensitivity dramatically improved. exposing cavities to different mass concentrations NaCl solutions, we obtained that wavelength shift per refractive unit (RIU) for is 586 nm/RIU, which one highest sensitivities achieved non-suspended cavity. Furthermore,...

Abstract The high transmission speed of optical signals and their application in computation have created a growing demand for photon‐programmed memory devices. Rather than using electrical pulses to store data one two states, the photomemory (PM) devices exploit stimulation light information. In this work, nonvolatile rewritable PM array photochromic inorganic perovskite CsPbIBr 2 grown by vapor‐deposition process is demonstrated. Reversible phase transitions between orthorhombic (δ) cubic...

Graphene is well-known as a two-dimensional sheet of carbon atoms arrayed in honeycomb structure. It has some unique and fascinating properties, which are useful for realizing many optoelectronic devices applications, including transistors, photodetectors, solar cells, modulators. To enhance light-graphene interactions take advantage its promising approach to combine graphene with optical waveguides, such silicon nanophotonic wires considered this paper. Here we report local nonlocal...

We present the design, fabrication, and characterization of high-Q slotted 1D photonic crystal (PhC) cavities with parabolic-width stack. Their peculiar geometry enables location resonating mode close to air-band. The majority optical field distributes in low-index area light matter interaction analytes has been enhanced. Cavities measured Q-factors ~10(4) have demonstrated. refractive index sensing measurement for NaCl solutions different concentrations shows a sensitivity around 410. Both...

An ultra-small disk resonator consisting of a suspended silicon with submicron bending radius sitting on an SiO2 pedestal is demonstrated experimentally. asymmetrical rib waveguide integrated as the access for resonator, which used to realize optical sensor improved sensitivity due enhanced evanescent field interaction analyte. The present also has large measurement range because ultra-large free-spectral submicron-disk resonator. As example, 0.8 μm designed, fabricated, and characterized....

Graphene has emerged as a promising material for active plasmonic devices in the mid-infrared (MIR) region owing to its fast tunability, strong mode confinement and long-lived collective excitation. In order realize on-chip graphene plasmonics, several types of waveguides (GPWGs) have been investigated most them are with ribbons suffering from pattern-caused edge effect. Here we propose novel nanoplasmonic waveguide pattern-free monolayer on top nano-trench. It shows that our GPWG nanoscale...

We propose a nanogap-enhanced phase-change waveguide with silicon PIN heaters. Thanks to the enhanced light-matter interaction in nanogap, proposed structure exhibits strong attenuation (Δ α = ∼35 dB/µm) and optical phase n eff ∼1.2) modulation at λ 1550 nm when achieving complete transitions. further investigate two active devices based on waveguide, including an electro-absorption modulator 1 × 2 directional-coupler switch. Finite-difference time-domain simulation of shows high extinction...

We design and fabricate an on-substrate bowtie photonic crystal (PhC) cavity in silicon. By optimizing the shapes unit cells of PhC cavity, maximum electric field can be highly confined tips. Due to such confinement, ultra-low mode volume ∼0.1(λ/nSi)3 is achieved, which more than order magnitude smaller previous nanobeam cavities. An ultra-high quality (Q) factor as large 106 predicted by simulation, up 1.4×104 measured experiment. The observation pronounced thermo-optic bistability...

We propose and experimentally demonstrate an ultra-compact, low-loss polarization-independent directional coupler on the silicon-on-insulator (SOI) platform. By exploiting subwavelength gratings in coupler, coupling strength could be made equal for both transverse-electric transverse-magnetic polarizations. The demonstrated has a device length of only 4.5 μm achieves complete cross-coupling with low excess loss <;1 dB over bandwidth ~65 nm. reported devices also robust fabrication tolerance.

We demonstrate high quality (Q) factor microring resonators in index-contrast GeSbSe chalcogenide glass waveguides using electron-beam lithography followed by plasma dry etching. A resonator with a radius of 90 μm shows an intrinsic Q 4.1 × 105 the telecom band. Thanks to submicron waveguide dimension, effective nonlinear coefficient was determined be up ∼110 W-1m-1 at 1550 nm, yielding larger figure-of-merit compared previously reported waveguides. Such factor, combined large and...

Abstract Programmable photonic integrated circuits (PICs) consisting of reconfigurable on-chip optical components have been creating new paradigms in various applications, such as spectroscopy, multi-purpose microwave photonics, and information processing. Among many reconfiguration mechanisms, non-volatile chalcogenide phase-change materials (PCMs) exhibit a promising approach to the future very-large-scale programmable PICs, thanks their zero static power large index modulation, leading...