Crowdfunding websites like Kickstarter, Spot.Us and Donor's Choose seek to fund multiple projects simultaneously by soliciting donations from a large number of donors. site designers must decide what do with that don't reach their goal the deadline. Some crowdfunding sites use an all-or-nothing return rule in which are returned donors if project doesn't meet its goal. Other direct donation structure where all kept even total is insufficient. We simulated using threshold public goods game set...

Most electronic health record systems provide laboratory test results to patients in table format. We tested whether presenting such visual displays (number lines) could improve understanding.We presented 1620 adults recruited from a demographically diverse Internet panel with hypothetical several common tests, first showing near-normal and then more extreme values. Participants viewed either format (with "standard range" provided) or one of 3 number line formats: simple 2-color format,...

In 2006 the Department of Veterans Affairs commissioned Altarum Institute and RAND Corporation to do an evaluation its mental health treatment system. We found that veterans with illness substance use disorders represented 15.4 percent all using Veterans' Health Administration (VHA) services in 2007 they accounted for 32.9 ($12 billion) VHA costs, which majority was non-mental conditions. The average cost a veteran our study $12,337, or 2.7 times without these quality care study, although...

Crowdfunding sites often impose deadlines for projects to receive their requested funds. This deadline structure creates a difficult decision potential donors. Donors can donate early project help it reach its goal and signal other donors that the is worthwhile. But may also want wait similar from others. We conduct an experimental simulation of crowdfunding website explore how make this decision. find evidence both strategies in our experiment; some while others till last second. However,...

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Background: Patient-facing displays of laboratory test results typically provide patients with one reference point (the “standard range”). Objective: To the effect including an additional harm anchor in visual results, which indicates how far outside standard range values would need to be order suggest substantial patient risk. Methods: Using a demographically diverse, online sample, we compared reactions 1618 adults United States who viewed line that included both and points (“Many doctors...

Fledgling online communities often hope to achieve critical mass so that the community becomes sustainable. This concept however is not well understood. At what point does a mass, and how know this? Furthermore, become sustainable when they of what? We explore this question by analyzing growth in large number on Wikipedia. find individual have different patterns membership from its pattern contribution or production. also early stages development, building has greater impact production...

We describe an ongoing effort to improve communication of medical test results directly patients by providing important contextual information about the in a graphical format that is well suited online patient portals. undertook iterative, user-centered design process explore ways meaningful representations results. present findings from this have implications for communicating via

Most displays of laboratory test results include a standard reference range. For some patients (eg, those with chronic conditions), however, getting result within the range may be unachievable, inappropriate, or even harmful.

Many Decision Support Systems (DSS) afford customization of inputs or algorithms before generating recommendations to a decision maker. This paper describes an experiment in which users make decisions assisted by DSS fantasy baseball game. shows that the act customizing can lead biased making. I show who believe they have customized DSS's recommendation algorithm are more likely follow regardless their accuracy. also this bias is result using seek confirmatory information recommendation.

Online communities depend on content contributed by their members. However, new have not yet achieved critical mass and are vulnerable to inadequate contribution. To encourage contribution, many fledgling seed the site with data from 3rd parties. We study effectiveness of such seeding looking at how people react different types seeded content. found that make larger contributions when there is no But content, users learn contribute similar Therefore, if websites prefer specific...

This study provided national estimates of perceptions behavioral health care services among patients the Veterans Health Administration (VHA) with a diagnosis bipolar I disorder, major depression, posttraumatic stress schizophrenia, or substance use disorder.A stratified random sample 6,190 completed telephone interviews from November 2008 through August 2009. Patients (N=5,185) who reported receiving VHA in prior 12 months were asked about their need for housing and employment services,...

Interaction with internet-connected computing devices involves interaction many distinct agents or sources simultaneously. Hardware, operating systems, web browsers, networking devices, and servers all influence the user experience, as do engineers programmers who designed them, companies organizations that have developed other users on web, various third-parties such advertisers. We argue cannot be simultaneously engaged towards of these interaction, instead must orient themselves to only a...

Research on online behavioral advertising has focused users' attitudes towards sharing and what information they are willing to share. An unexplored area in this domain is how knowledge of protect their differs from self-efficacy about executing privacy protection behavior. The results a 179-participant study show that explains concerns, but behaviors. Perceived control was related both concerns

Donors on crowdfunding sites must coordinate their actions to identify and collectively fund projects prior deadline. Some receive vast support immediately upon launch. Other seemingly worthwhile have more modest success or no at raising funds. We examine how the presence of high-performing "superstar' a site affects donors' ability other less popular but still site. In lab experiment where users simulate dynamics site, we found that superstar reduce likelihood are funded by crowd, even when...

Real-time, character-by-character transmission of messages in synchronous forms text-based communications has seen a recent resurgence CMC. We evaluated the impact real-time text display on usability an instant messaging (IM) client. Participants were randomly assigned to dyads participate two discussion tasks using IM with both and enhanced message-by-message (i.e., line-by-line additional cues show when remote party is typing). found that helped users better coordinate turns lead less...

Recommender systems must find items that match the heterogeneous preferences of its users. Customizable recommenders allow users to directly manipulate system's algorithm in order help it those preferences. However, customizing may demand a certain degree skill and new particularly struggle effectively customize system. In user studies two different systems, I show there is considerable heterogeneity way will try recommender, even within groups with similar underlying Furthermore, this...

Purpose. Patient portals of electronic health record systems currently present patients with tables laboratory test results, but visual displays can increase patient understanding and sensitivity to result variations. We sought assess physician preferences concerns about display designs as potential motivators or barriers their implementation. Methods. In an online survey, 327 primary care physicians (&gt;50% time) recruited through the e-community/survey research firm SERMO compared...

Background: Some Operation Enduring Freedom/Operation Iraqi Freedom (OEF/OIF) veterans experience serious mental health (MH) problems. As OEF/OIF soldiers leave active military duty, their growing numbers pose a challenge to the Department of Veterans Affairs (VA) in delivering high-quality health/substance-use disorder (MH/SUD) care. Objective: To determine whether quality MH/SUD care provided by VA differs veteran status. Methods: with selected MH/SUDs were identified from administrative...