A5072595126- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Autism Spectrum Disorder Research
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Advanced Neuroimaging Techniques and Applications
- Reading and Literacy Development
- Neuroscience and Music Perception
- Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Neuroscience, Education and Cognitive Function
- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Genetics and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
- Neurobiology of Language and Bilingualism
- Child and Animal Learning Development
- Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Motor Control and Adaptation
- Congenital heart defects research
- Neural Networks and Applications
- Neurological disorders and treatments
- Williams Syndrome Research
- Multisensory perception and integration
Stanford University
2016-2025
Neurosciences Institute
2016-2025
Palo Alto University
2012-2024
Neuroscience Institute
2015-2024
Institute of Behavioral Sciences
2005-2023
University Hospitals Coventry and Warwickshire NHS Trust
2022-2023
Stanford Medicine
2005-2022
Institute of Neurological Sciences
2012-2022
Behavioral Pharma (United States)
2021
Neurological Surgery
2021
Variations in neural circuitry, inherited or acquired, may underlie important individual differences thought, feeling, and action patterns. Here, we used task-free connectivity analyses to isolate characterize two distinct networks typically coactivated during functional MRI tasks. We identified a “salience network,” anchored by dorsal anterior cingulate (dACC) orbital frontoinsular cortices with robust subcortical limbic structures, an “executive-control network” that links dorsolateral...
Functional imaging studies have shown that certain brain regions, including posterior cingulate cortex (PCC) and ventral anterior (vACC), consistently show greater activity during resting states than cognitive tasks. This finding led to the hypothesis these regions constitute a network supporting default mode of function. In this study, we investigate three questions pertaining hypothesis: Does such resting-state exist in human brain? Is it modulated simple sensory processing? How is To...
Recent functional imaging studies have revealed coactivation in a distributed network of cortical regions that characterizes the resting state, or default mode, human brain. Among brain implicated this network, several, including posterior cingulate cortex and inferior parietal lobes, also shown decreased metabolism early course Alzheimer's disease (AD). We reasoned default-mode activity might therefore be abnormal AD. To test hypothesis, we used independent component analysis to isolate...
Cognitively demanding tasks that evoke activation in the brain's central-executive network (CEN) have been consistently shown to decreased (deactivation) default-mode (DMN). The neural mechanisms underlying this switch between and deactivation of large-scale brain networks remain completely unknown. Here, we use functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) investigate switching three different experiments. We first examined process an auditory event segmentation task. observed significant...
Resting-state functional connectivity magnetic resonance imaging (fcMRI) studies constitute a growing proportion of brain publications. This approach detects temporal correlations in spontaneous blood oxygen level-dependent (BOLD) signal oscillations while subjects rest quietly the scanner. Although distinct resting-state networks related to vision, language, executive processing, and other sensory cognitive domains have been identified, considerable skepticism remains as whether maps...
Decoding specific cognitive states from brain activity constitutes a major goal of neuroscience. Previous studies brain-state classification have focused largely on decoding brief, discrete events and required the timing these to be known. To date, methods for more continuous purely subject-driven not been available. Here, we demonstrate that free-streaming can decoded using novel whole-brain functional connectivity analysis. Ninety regions interest (ROIs) were defined across 14 large-scale...
Functional brain networks detected in task-free ("resting-state") functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have a small-world architecture that reflects robust organization of the brain. Here, we examined whether this is disrupted Alzheimer's disease (AD). Task-free fMRI data from 21 AD subjects and 18 age-matched controls were obtained. Wavelet analysis was applied to compute frequency-dependent correlation matrices. Correlation matrices thresholded create 90-node undirected-graphs...
Convergent data from various scientific approaches strongly implicate cerebellar systems in nonmotor functions. The functional anatomy of these has been pieced together disparate sources, such as animal studies, lesion studies humans, and structural imaging humans. To better define this distinct anatomy, the current study we delineate role cerebellum several simultaneously same subjects using resting state connectivity MRI. Independent component analysis was applied to two independent...
Inhibitory control and performance monitoring are critical executive functions of the human brain. Lesion imaging studies have shown that inferior frontal cortex plays an important role in inhibition inappropriate response. In contrast, specific brain areas involved error processing their relation to those implicated inhibitory processes unknown. this study, we used a random effects model investigate error-related activity associated with failure inhibit response during Go/NoGo task....
Maturation of brain white matter pathways is an important factor in cognitive, behavioral, emotional and motor development during childhood adolescence. In this study, we investigate maturation as reflected by changes anisotropy density with age. Thirty-four children adolescents aged 6-19 years received diffusion-weighted magnetic resonance imaging scans. Among these, 30 also high-resolution T1-weighed anatomical A linear regression model was used to correlate fractional (FA) values age on a...
The ontogeny of large-scale functional organization the human brain is not well understood. Here we use network analysis intrinsic connectivity to characterize networks in 23 children (ages 7-9 y) and 22 young-adults 19-22 y). Comparison properties, including path-length, clustering-coefficient, hierarchy, regional connectivity, revealed that although young-adults' brains have similar "small-world" at global level, they differ significantly hierarchical interregional connectivity. We found...
Abstract Deactivation refers to increased neural activity during low-demand tasks or rest compared with high-demand tasks. Several groups have reported that a particular set of brain regions, including the posterior cingulate cortex and medial prefrontal cortex, among others, is consistently deactivated. Taken together, these typically deactivated regions appear constitute default-mode network predominates in absence demanding external task. Examining passive, block-design sensory task...
Little is known about the neural abnormalities underlying generalized anxiety disorder (GAD). Studies in other disorders have implicated amygdala, but work GAD has yielded conflicting results. The amygdala composed of distinct subregions that interact with dissociable brain networks, which been studied only experimental animals. A functional connectivity approach at subregional level may therefore yield novel insights into GAD.To determine whether patterns can be reliably identified for...
Arithmetic reasoning is arguably one of the most important cognitive skills a child must master. Here we examine neurodevelopmental changes in mental arithmetic. Subjects (ages 8–19 years) viewed arithmetic equations and were asked to judge whether results correct or incorrect. During two-operand addition subtraction trials, for which accuracy was comparable across age, older subjects showed greater activation left parietal cortex, along supramarginal gyrus adjoining anterior intra-parietal...
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) affects 1 in 88 children and is characterized by a complex phenotype, including social, communicative, sensorimotor deficits. has been linked with atypical connectivity across multiple brain systems, yet the nature of these differences young not well understood.To examine large-scale networks determine whether specific can distinguish ASD from typically developing (TD) predict symptom severity ASD.Case-control study performed at Stanford University School...
Objective Clinical data suggest that abnormalities in the regulation of emotional processing contribute to pathophysiology generalized anxiety disorder, yet these remain poorly understood at neurobiological level. The authors recently reported healthy volunteers pregenual anterior cingulate regulates conflict on a trial-by-trial basis by dampening activity amygdala. also showed this process is specific emotional, compared nonemotional, conflict. Here examined whether form noninstructed...