This study quantifies the economic effect of a possible lockdown Tokyo to prevent spread COVID-19. The negative such may propagate other regions through supply chains because and demand shortages. Applying an agent-based model actual nearly 1.6 million firms in Japan, we simulate what would happen production activities outside if that are not essential citizens' survival were shut down for certain period. We find locked month, indirect on be twice as large direct Tokyo, leading total loss 27...

Using a large firm-level panel dataset for Japan, this paper examines the effects of structure supply chain networks on productivity and innovation capability through knowledge diffusion. We find that ties with distant suppliers improve (as measured by sales per worker) more than neighboring suppliers, which is likely because firms' intermediates embody diversified those from firms. Ties clients clients, effectively diffuse disembodied clients. By contrast, innovative number registered...

This study quantifies the economic effect of a possible lockdown Tokyo to prevent spread COVID-19. The negative may propagate other regions through supply chains because shortage and demand. Applying an agent-based model actual nearly 1.6 million firms in Japan, we simulate what would happen production activities outside when that are not essential citizens' survival were shut down for certain period. We find is locked month, indirect on be twice as large direct Tokyo, leading total loss 27...

To prevent the spread of COVID-19, many cities, states, and countries have 'locked down', restricting economic activities in non-essential sectors. Such lockdowns substantially shrunk production most countries. This study examines how effects different regions interact through supply chains, which are a network firms for production, by simulating an agent-based model using supply-chain data 1.6 million Japan. We further investigate complex structure affects interactions between lockdown...

This study examines how the COVID-19 pandemic has affected online purchasing behavior using data from a major shopping platform in Japan. We focus on effect of two measures pandemic, i.e., number positive cases and state declarations emergency to mitigate pandemic. find that both promoted purchases at beginning but later periods, their faded. In addition, returned normal after states ended, overall time trend excluding effects was stable during first years These results suggest is temporary...

This paper studies the structure of Japanese production network, which includes one million firms and five supplier-customer links. study finds that this network forms a tightly-knit with core giant strongly connected component (GSCC) surrounded by IN OUT components constituting two half-shells GSCC, we call awalnut because its shape. The hierarchical communities is studied Infomap method, most irreducible are found to be at second level. composition some major communities, including...

Abstract The objective of this study is to shed new light on the industrial flow structure embedded in microscopic supplier-buyer relations. We first construct directed networks from actual data interfirm transaction relations Japan; as one example, dataset compiled by Tokyo Shoko Research, Ltd. 2016 contains five million links between firms. Then, we analyze such a large-scale network with special emphasis its hierarchy and circularity. Helmholtz-Hodge decomposition enables us break down...

This study examines how negative shocks due to, for example, natural disasters propagate through supply chains. We apply a simulation technique to actual chain data covering most Japanese firms. To investigate the property of propagation in network, we test different types artificial shocks. find that, first, network structures severely affect speed short run, and total loss long run. The scale-free nature supply-chain network—that is, power-law degree distribution—leads faster propagation....

We studied the Japan and U.S. patent records of several decades to demonstrate effect collaboration on innovation. found that statistically inventor teams slightly outperform solo inventors while company perform equally well as companies. By tracking performance record individual teams, we teams' generally degrades with more repeat collaborations. Though displays strongly bursty behavior, long-term does not significantly help To systematically study collaboration, defined number a team...

This paper examines how negative shocks due to, for example, natural disasters, propagate through supply chains, applying a simulation technique to actual data on chains of Japanese firms. We obtained the five results. (1) Network structures severely affect speed propagation in medium run and total loss long run. The scale-free nature supply-chain network, i.e., power-law degree distribution, leads faster propagation, while dense links between firms within community network slow propagation....

Abstract This study examines how research collaboration of firms affects the quality their innovation outcomes using comprehensive patent data for in world from 1991 to 2010. Identifying by co-patenting relationships, we find that with other firms, particularly foreign leads substantial improvement quality. We also observe a positive effect brokerage global network, especially international links. These results are applicable on achieved individually without any collaboration. Therefore, our...

Diversifying supply chains has been a policy objective of the Japanese government to construct robust and resilient economy since spread COVID‐19 in final stages Abe Administration. Although geographically expanded incur risk inflows negative economic shocks from other regions countries, this can be alleviated by more diversification. In addition, diversified are found promote performance firms. Recently, domestic firms started diversified, but still agglomerate Tokyo substantially....

Every nation prioritizes the inclusive economic growth and development of all regions. However, we observe that activities are clustered in space, which results a disparity per-capita income among different A complexity-based method was proposed by Hidalgo Hausmann [PNAS 106, 10570-10575 (2009)] to explain large gaps across countries. Although there have been extensive studies on countries' complexity using international export data, at regional level relatively less studied. Here, study...

We focused on how repeat collaborations in projects for inventions affect performance. Repeat have two contradictory aspects. A positive aspect is team development or experience, and a negative degeneration decline. Since both contradicting phenomena are observed, inventors dilemma as to whether they should keep collaborating not. The has not previously been quantitatively analyzed. provide quantitative extensive analyses of the creative by using patent data from Japan United States. confirm...

The Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program conducted by the Japanese government is intended to enable rapid growth of small firms. Using comprehensive empirical data, this study examines performances firms that are directly affected program. First, provide an outline, compares changes in sales, employment, and number patents between SBIR awardees matched It cannot be shown have better performance using those indices. Second, conducts regression analyses control for firm sizes,...

This work aims to study and explain the business cycle correlations of Japanese production network. We consider supplier-customer network, which is a directed network representing trading links between firms (links from suppliers customers). The community structure this determined by applying Infomap algorithm. Each defined its GDP associated cycle. Business communities are estimated based on copula theory. Then, firms' attributes topology, these explained through linear econometric models....