A5065076519- Neural dynamics and brain function
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces
- Animal Behavior and Reproduction
- Economic and Environmental Valuation
- Functional Brain Connectivity Studies
- Sleep and Wakefulness Research
- Autoimmune and Inflammatory Disorders Research
- Plant and animal studies
- Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Multiple Sclerosis Research Studies
- Primate Behavior and Ecology
- Academic Writing and Publishing
- COVID-19 and Mental Health
- Reinforcement Learning in Robotics
- Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications
- Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Health and Medical Research Impacts
- Creativity in Education and Neuroscience
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Memory and Neural Mechanisms
- Environmental Conservation and Management
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Stress Responses and Cortisol
Max Planck Institute for Human Development
2021-2024
Harvard University
2023-2024
Center for Pain and the Brain
2024
Harvard University Press
2024
University of Oxford
2018-2022
Wellcome Centre for Integrative Neuroimaging
2019-2022
Prostate Cancer Research
2021
University College London
2021
John Radcliffe Hospital
2019
University of Otago
2015-2016
Cognitive flexibility is critical for intelligent behavior. However, its execution effortful and often suboptimal. Recent work indicates that flexible behavior can be improved by the prospect of reward, which suggests rewards optimize control processes. Here we investigated how different reward prospects influence neural encoding task rule information to cognitive flexibility. We applied representational similarity analysis human electroencephalograms, recorded while female male participants...
Cognitive flexibility is crucial for adaptive human behaviour. Prior studies have analysed the effect of reward on cognitive flexibility; however, neural mechanisms underlying these effects remain largely unknown. This study explores how influences oscillations and changes impact behavioural performance. Using time-frequency decomposition, we examined electroencephalographic data from participants engaged in rule-guided task-switching with varying prospects. Higher anticipated rewards lead...
<h2>Summary</h2> Foraging is a common decision problem in natural environments. When new exploitable sites are always available, simple optimal strategy to leave current site when its return falls below single average reward rate. Here, we examined foraging more structured environment, with limited number of that replenished at different rates and had be revisited. participants could choose sites, they visited fast-replenishing often, left higher levels reward, achieved net Decisions...
Identifying goal-relevant features in novel environments is a central challenge for efficient behaviour. We asked whether humans address this by relying on prior knowledge about common properties of reward-predicting features. One such property the rate change features, given that behaviourally relevant processes tend to slower timescale than noise. Hence, we are biased learn more when task-relevant slow rather fast. To test idea, 295 human participants were rewards two-dimensional bandits...
It has recently been recognized that orbitofrontal cortex 2 subdivisions are anatomically and functionally distinct. Most rodent research focused on the lateral subdivision, leaving medial subdivision (mOFC) relatively unexplored. We showed inhibiting mOFC neurons eliminated differential impact of reward probability cues discrimination accuracy in a sustained attention task. In present study, we tested whether increasing neuronal activity rats would accelerate acquisition contingencies. was...
People with multiple sclerosis experience barriers to physical activity. Thought processes are interwoven garnering motivation overcome these barriers. This study investigated in-depth the role of positive thinking in activity two women and men sclerosis. Participants thought aloud while completing standardised measures activity, stages change self-efficacy, response planned spontaneous questions. Four themes were formulated using inductive thematic analysis: thoughts about purpose, past...
The transition to principal investigator (PI), or lab leader, can be challenging, partially due the need fulfil new managerial and leadership responsibilities. One key aspect of this role, which is often not explicitly discussed, creating a supportive environment. Here, we present ten simple rules guide PI in development their own positive thriving atmosphere. These were written voted on collaboratively, by students mentees Professor Mark Stokes, who inspired piece.
Abstract Cognitive flexibility is critical for intelligent behaviour. However, its execution effortful and often suboptimal. Recent work indicates that flexible behaviour can be improved by the prospect of reward, which suggests rewards optimise control processes. Here we investigated how different reward prospects influence neural encoding task rule information to cognitive flexibility. We applied representational similarity analysis (RSA) human electroencephalograms, recorded while female...
Summary Foraging is a common decision problem in natural environments. When new exploitable sites are always available, simple optimal strategy to leave current site when its return falls below single average reward rate. Here, we examined foraging more structured environment, with limited number of that replenished at different rates and had be revisited. participants could choose sites, they visited fast-replenishing often, left higher levels reward, achieved net Decisions exploit-or-leave...
Experience-related brain activity patterns reactivate during sleep, wakeful rest, and brief pauses from active behavior. In parallel, machine learning research has found that experience replay can lead to substantial performance improvements in artificial agents. Together, these lines of suggest a variety computational benefits for decision-making learning. Here, we provide an overview putative functions as suggested by neuroscientific research. We show faster learning, less forgetting,...
Abstract Identifying goal-relevant features in novel environments is a central challenge for efficient behaviour. We asked whether humans address this by relying on prior knowledge about common properties of reward-predicting features. One such property the rate change features, given that behaviourally relevant processes tend to slower timescale than noise. Hence, we are biased learn more when task-relevant slow rather fast. To test idea, 100 human participants were rewards two-dimensional...
Generalisation from past experience is an important feature of intelligent systems. When faced with a new task, one efficient computational strategy to evaluate solutions earlier tasks as candidates for reuse. Consistent this idea, we found that human participants (n=38) learned optimal set training and generalised them novel test in reward selective manner. This behaviour was consistent process based on the successor representation known features policy improvement (SF&GPI). Neither...
Eating disorders (EDs) are characterised by extreme concerns about food and weight. These linked to changes in decision-making, such as persisting with actions that no longer rewarding. This study tested whether people eating disorder symptoms show increased persistence due altered decision thresholds for behavioural adaptation. A group heightened (ED; N=48) a healthy control (HC; N=56) completed foraging task, which an option on screen was exploited reward. With each exploit, reward...
Regular physical activity (PA) is known to benefit individuals with multiple sclerosis (MS) but people MS tend do less PA than the general population. Thought processes such as positive thinking may help explain motivation among MS. The present study investigated thoughts about in one man (aged 70 years; pseudonym Norman). We asked Norman think aloud while completing standardised measures of PA, stages change, self-efficacy and response planned spontaneous questions. data were subjected...
Many complex real-world decisions, such as deciding which house to buy or whether switch jobs, involve trying maximise reward across a sequence of choices. Optimal Foraging Theory is well suited study these kinds choices because it provides formal models for reward-maximisation in sequential situations. In this article, we review recent insights from foraging neuroscience, behavioural ecology and computational modelling. We find that commonly used approach choice items are encountered at...
Value-based decision-making is often studied in a static context, where participants decide which option to select from those currently available. However, everyday life involves an additional dimension: deciding when maximize reward. Recent evidence suggests that agents track the latent reward of option, updating changes their estimate, achieve appropriate selection timing (latent tracking). this strategy can be difficult distinguish one optimal time estimated advance, allowing agent wait...
Foraging is a common decision problem in natural environments. When new exploitable sites are always available, simple optimal strategy to leave current site when its return falls below single average reward rate. Here, we examined foraging more structured environment, with limited number of that replenished at different rates and had be revisited. participants could choose sites, they visited fast-replenishing often, left higher levels reward, achieved net Decisions exploit-or-leave were...