Background. Although the consequences of spinal cord injury (SCI) within and peripheral nervous system have been studied extensively, influence SCI on supraspinal structures during recovery remains largely unexplored. Objective. To assess temporal changes in cortical sensorimotor representations beginning subacute phase following determine if an association exists between plastic areas movement postinjury. Methods. Functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) was used to study 6 patients for...

Objective: To provide evidence for the validity and reliability of a new outcome measure balance, Community Balance Mobility Scale, developed ambulatory individual with traumatic brain injury. Design: A study. Setting: Acute care, in- outpatient rehabilitation day hospital settings. Subjects: Two convenience samples ( n=36, 32) patients Main measures: The content construct validity, test-retest, inter- intra-rater internal consistency Scale. Results: Content was demonstrated by involvement...

With the advent of new interventions targeted at both acute and chronic spinal cord injury (SCI), it is critical that techniques protocols are developed reliably evaluate changes in upper limb impairment/function. The Graded Redefined Assessment Strength Sensibility Prehension (GRASSP) protocol, which includes five subtests, a quantitative clinical impairment measure designed for use cervical SCI. objectives this study were to: (1) establish inter-rater test-retest reliability, (2) construct...

Activity in three segmental pathways was compared normal subjects, patients with spinal shock, and established spasticity. The Achilles tendon reflex (ATR) used to estimate transmission the Ia monosynaptic pathway. Evidence is produced implying that vibration activates motoneurones principally through a polysynaptic tonic (TVR) this percentage of motoneurone pool (M-response) could be activated by these as measure transmission. H (vibration)/H (control) ratio an degree presynaptic inhibition...

Object Primary outcome measures for the upper limb in trials concerning human spinal cord injury (SCI) need to distinguish between functional and neurological changes require satisfying psychometric properties clinical application. Methods The Graded Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility Prehension (GRASSP) was developed by International GRASSP Research Design Team as a measure specific limbs individuals with complete incomplete tetraplegia (that is, paralysis or paresis). It can be...

Retrospective economic analysis.To determine the total direct costs of publicly funded health care utilization for three fiscal years 2003/04 to 2005/06 (1 April 2003 31 March 2004 1 2005 2006), from time initial hospitalization year after acute discharge among individuals with traumatic spinal cord injury (SCI).Ontario, Canada.Health system were calculated 559 SCI (C1-T12 AIS A-D) inpatient, emergency department, inpatient rehabilitation (that is, short-stay rehabilitation), complex...

The authors used voxel-based morphometry to compare sensorimotor cortical gray and white matter volume on structural MR images of a group 17 individuals with cervical spinal cord injury (SCI) healthy subjects. SCI subjects had reduced bilaterally in primary somatosensory cortex (<i>p</i> &lt; 0.001). These findings suggest that the human brain atrophies after SCI.

Neurophysiological observations were made on normal subjects and 57 patients who had injuries to the spinal cord. The amplitude of muscle compound action potential (M response) recorded from triceps surae in response supramaximal stimulation tibial nerve was reduced indicating that there are changes motor units below level a lesion man. In clinically spastic it found that: (1) proportion motoneuron pool reflexly activated either by tapping Achilles tendon or stimulating just threshold alpha...

<b><i>Background:</i></b> The nature of the adaptive changes that occur in cerebral cortex following injury to cervical spinal cord are largely unknown. <b><i>Objective:</i></b> To investigate these by examining relationship between motor cortical representation paretic right upper extremity compared with tongue. tongue was selected because (SCI) does not affect its movement and is adjacent extremity. <b><i>Methods:</i></b> FMRI used map representations associated simple tasks 14 control...

ABSTRACT: The amplitude and temporal modulation of the segmented EMG activity in flexor carpi radialis, evoked by imposed angular wrist extension, was studied with respect to level pre-existing background rigid parkinsonian (PK) dystonia musculorum deformans (DMD) patients. interdependence M1 M2-3 segments on initial velocity displacement established previously for a normal population. Individual responses 21 12 dystonic patients were compared “response volume”. augmented magnitude segment...

From a review of the anatomical relationships and single unit activity in components basal ganglia related to limb movement, it is concluded that major outflow from circuits via motor cortex (area 4). Recent results recording area 4 neurons revealed they preferentially "encode" higher derivatives i.e. acceleration jerk. In parkinsonian (PK) patient monkeys treated with 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), EMG responses imposed loads show markedly increased gain "M2" component...

Objective: To refine the Graded and Redefined Assessment of Strength, Sensibility Prehension (GRASSP) as a measure upper limb impairment following cervical SCI. Method: A cross-sectional study assessed cohort neurologically stable patients with tetraplegia using preliminary version GRASSP. Regression analysis was performed to determine association between subcomponents GRASSP (impairment) measures function. The modified based on results. Results: Eliminated static two-point discrimination,...

Background. It is well documented that cortical sensorimotor representations are altered following nervous system pathology. However, little known about these over time and, more specifically, in paralyzed individuals. Objective . To investigate the temporal changes activation individuals spinal cord injury (SCI). Methods. Functional MRI (fMRI) was used to study 4 tetraplegic repeatedly first year traumatic SCI as 7 healthy individuals, 3 repeatedly. During fMRI, controls performed ankle...

In an attempt to clarify the neurophysiologic changes that may follow a cerebral lesion in man, we have studied patients with recent and long-standing hemiplegia from infarction. lesions, inhibition of monosynaptic reflex by vibration is enhanced. this inhibitory mechanism less effective comparison electrically mechanically induced reflexes suggests fusimotor drive be increased. Related clinical findings are reduced muscle "tone" immediately after increased exaggerated tendon jerks hemiplegia.