Enhanced single-particle models (eSPMs) have been extensively studied in the development of advanced battery management systems for their accuracy and capability tracking physical quantities, as well reduced computational load. This article proposes an optimal discretization approach to model reduction eSPM using a particle swarm optimization algorithm. The diffusion dynamics were solved different finite difference approaches, that is, even (baseline model) uneven (optimized model). Because...

Abstract A cabin climate control system, often referred to as a heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) is one of the largest auxiliary loads an electric vehicle (EV), real‐time optimal HVAC brings significant energy‐saving potential. In this article, linear‐time‐varying (LTV) model predictive (MPC)‐based approach presented for energy‐efficient EVs. modification made cost function in considered MPC problem simplify Hessian matrix utilizing quadratic programming computation....

This paper presents an economic model predictive control (EMPC)-based strategy for heating, ventilation, and air conditioning (HVAC) system to improve the driving range of a battery electric vehicle (BEV). The energy consumption HVAC can be directly minimized through EMPC framework; however, complex nonlinear dynamics (e.g., vapor-compression cycle) hinders application EMPC. In addition, heater operation in BEV relies on power, cooperation increases complexity. To resolve such modeling...

Energy-efficient thermal management of heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) battery cooling systems is essential for an enhanced driving range electric vehicles. With recent advances in vehicle connectivity technologies computation units, a predictive model has been emphasized control design. However, the system complexity due to refrigerant circuits coupling with makes it challenging develop computationally inexpensive potential applications. This paper presents novel...

The thermal management system (TMS) in electric vehicles (EVs), including climate control and battery regulation, consumes more energy than any other auxiliary components. Therefore, optimizing TMS is crucial for enhancing EV driving range. However, the complexity of TMS, described by a differential algebraic system, poses challenges real-time optimal control. This study proposes model predictive (MPC)-based solutions integrated operation EVs. An problem formulated using economic nonlinear...

A spray and evaporation model has been developed embedded in a quasi-dimensional multi-zone direct injection internal combustion engine simulation framework. The accounts for the behavior of zone fuel including sub-models breakup, improved velocity estimations with transient injection, penetration tracking evaporated components. Each sub-model deals multi-component surrogates to simulate real effects. To enhance sensitivity components, additional thermophysical properties traditional are...

The 48-V P0+P4 mild hybrid electric vehicles (MHEVs) have been drawing attention for their potential in fuel economy (FE) improvement and all-wheel-drive capability through a dual-motor system. This system, enabled by the addition of an extra P4 motor to existing P0 MHEV, poses new control problem optimal torque-split among three components, namely, internal combustion engine P0/P4 motors. study presents effective real-time strategy MHEV. To include realistic operational constraints, we...

One-pedal driving (OPD) provides a unique experience to driver during car-following as an important feature for energy saving in electric vehicles. However, the braking behavior of one may differ significantly from that another; therefore, it is necessary develop personalized algorithm reduce unpleasantness passengers. In addition, ease implementation real vehicle, relatively simple structure preferred. This paper proposes desired relative distance-based (DRD-PB) achieve these requirements....

One-pedal driving is a user-friendly feature, particularly in electric vehicles, allowing for simple, energy-efficient, comfortable, and safe driving. In this study, we propose simple effective method to generate human-like braking speed profile the presence of red traffic light or stop sign. This can serve as reference human driver at given initial distance-to-stop. The proposed developed based on four-phase vehicle longitudinal dynamics. utilizes parameters that describe behavior...

Models for ignition delay are investigated and fuel-specific properties included to predict the effects of different fuels on delay. These models follow Arrhenius type expression modified with oxygen concentration Cetane number extend range validity. In this investigation, two fuel-sensitive spray developed: a global model local model. The is based combustion chamber charge including temperature, pressure, oxygen/fuel content. developed account temporal spatial variations in separated zones...

Models for ignition delay in a direct injection compression engine are investigated and fuel specific properties included to predict the effects of different fuels on delay. These models follow Arrhenius type expression modified with oxygen concentration Cetane number extend range validity. In this investigation two fuel-sensitive spray developed: global model local model. The is based combustion chamber charge including temperature, pressure oxygen/fuel content. developed account temporal...

This study proposes a novel climate control strategy for electric vehicles (EVs) by addressing door-opening interruptions, an overlooked aspect in EV thermal management. We create and validate simulation model that incorporates scenarios. Three controllers are compared using the model: (i) hierarchical non-linear predictive (NMPC) with unique coolant dividing layer component cabin air inflow regulation based on signals; (ii) single MPC controller; (iii) rule-based controller. The controller...