Data quality is essential to the validity of research results and gaze interaction. We argue that lack standard measures for eye data makes several aspects manufacturing using trackers, as well researching movements vision, more difficult than necessary. Uncertainty regarding comparability a considerable impediment progress in field. In this paper, we illustrate why matters review previous work on how has been measured reported. The goal achieve common understanding what it can be defined,...

Abstract In a naturalistic newspaper reading study, two pairs of information graphics have been designed to study the effects (a) spatial contiguity principle and (b) dual scripting by means eye tracking measurements. Our data clearly show that different layouts significant effect on readers' movement behaviour. An integrated format with between text illustrations facilitates integration. Reading is moreover significantly enhanced serial , resulting from attentional guidance. The associated...

This study provides evidence that eye movements reflect the positions of objects while participants listen to a spoken description, retell previously heard and describe seen picture. effect is equally strong in retelling from memory, irrespective whether original elicitation was or visual. In addition, this occurs both watching blank white board sitting complete darkness. includes 4 experiments. The first 2 experiments measured looking at board. Experiment 1 monitors on occasions: first,...

We use simulations to investigate the effect of sampling frequency on common dependent variables in eye-tracking. identify two large groups measures that behave differently, but consistently. The these are explored and performed estimate how much data required overcome uncertainty a limited frequency. Both simulated real used temporal produced by low frequencies. aim is provide easy-to-use heuristics for researchers using For example, we show compensate with more postexperiment adjustments...

The aim of this article is to compare general assumptions about newspaper reading with eye-tracking data from readers’ actual interaction a newspaper. First, we extract the way people read newspapers socio-semiotic research. Second, apply these by analysing spread; done without any previous knowledge behaviour. Finally, use empirically examine so-called entry points and paths. Eye movement on spreads are analysed in three different ways: time sequence which areas attract attention calculated...

The visual behaviour of consumers buying (or searching for) products in a supermarket was measured and used to analyse the stages their decision process. Traditionally metrics trace decision-making processes are difficult use natural environments that often contain many options unstructured information. Unlike previous attempts this direction (i.e. Russo & Leclerc, 1994), our methodology reveals differences between task search task. In particular second (evaluation) stage contains more...

Eye tracking is increasingly being used in Educational Science and so has the interest of eye community grown this topic. In paper we briefly introduce discipline why it might be interesting to couple with research. We then three major research areas that have already successfully tracking: First, been improve instructional design computer-based learning testing environments, often using hyper- or multimedia. Second, shed light on expertise its development visual domains, such as chess...

A great need exists in many fields of eye-tracking research for a robust and general method scanpath comparisons. Current measures either quantize scanpaths space (string editing like the Levenshtein distance) or time (measures based on attention maps). This paper proposes new pairwise similarity measure. Unlike previous that use AOI sequences forgo temporal order, measure defines as series geometric vectors compares temporally aligned across several dimensions: shape, fixation position,...

Guidance of eye-movements in image viewing is believed to be controlled by stimulus driven factors as well viewer dependent higher level such task and memory. It currently debated what proportions these contribute gaze guidance, also how they vary over time after onset. Overall, the unanimity regarding issues surprisingly low there are results supporting both types being dominant eye-movement control under certain conditions. We investigate low, high influence eye guidance manipulating...

The marketing materials of remote eye-trackers suggest that data quality is invariant to the position and orientation participant as long eyes are within eye-tracker's headbox, area where tracking possible. As such, marketed allowing reliable recording gaze from groups cannot be restrained, such infants, schoolchildren patients with muscular or brain disorders. Practical experience previous research, however, tells us eye-tracking quality, e.g. accuracy recorded amount loss, deteriorates...

Current debate in mental imagery research revolves around the perceptual and cognitive role of eye movements to "nothing" (Ferreira, Apel, & Henderson, 2008; Richardson, Altmann, Spivey, Hoover, 2009). While it is established that are comparable when inspecting a scene (or hearing description) as visualizing from memory (Johansson, Holsanova, Holmqvist, 2006), exact purpose these remains elusive. Are during recall purely epiphenomenal or do they have functional purpose? Here we address this...

This study investigates whether addressees visually attend to speakers’ gestures in interaction and attention is modulated by changes social setting display size. We compare a live face-to-face two video conditions. In all conditions, the face dominates as fixation target only minority of draw fixations. The size parameters affect gaze mainly when combined opposite direction from predicted with fewer fixated on than live. Gestural holds at their own reliably attract addressees’ fixations...

Complex stimuli and tasks elicit particular eye movement sequences. Previous research has focused on comparing between these scanpaths, particularly in memory imagery where it been proposed that observers reproduce their movements when recognizing or imagining a stimulus. However, is not clear whether scanpath similarity related to performance which aspects of the recur. We therefore compared picture task, using recently comparison method, MultiMatch, quantifies across multiple dimensions...