<h3>Context</h3> Little is known about the relationship between race/ethnicity and depression among US blacks. <h3>Objective</h3> To estimate prevalence, persistence, treatment, disability of in African Americans, Caribbean blacks, non-Hispanic whites National Survey American Life. <h3>Design</h3> A slightly modified adaptation World Health Organization Mental version Composite International Diagnostic Interview. <h3>Setting</h3> household probability samples noninstitutionalized United...

This study examines the relative contributions of giving versus receiving support to longevity in a sample older married adults. Baseline indicators and were used predict mortality status over 5-year period Changing Lives Older Couples sample. Results from logistic regression analyses indicated that was significantly reduced for individuals who reported providing instrumental friends, relatives, neighbors, emotional their spouse. Receiving had no effect on once taken into consideration....

Abstract The objectives of the National Survey American Life (NSAL) are to investigate nature, severity, and impairment mental disorders among national samples black non‐Hispanic white (n = 1,006) populations in US. Special emphasis study is given nature race ethnicity within population by selecting interviewing African‐American (N 3,570), Afro‐Caribbean 1,623) immigrant second older generation populations. multi‐stage probability methods were used generating race/ethnic matching...

Using numerous examples drawn from many scientific disciplines, however, Hess does make a very strong case that past developments have been strongly affected by cultural norms and power considerations. further uses these to convincingly argue the history of science has not shaped solely white males European descent. He illustrates individuals cultures races, whom were in fact female, contributed significantly major enterprises. These contributions frequently either minimized or completely...

The vast majority of bereavement research is conducted after a loss has occurred. Thus, knowledge the divergent trajectories grieving or their antecedent predictors lacking. This study gathered prospective data on 205 individuals several years prior to death spouse and at 6- 18-months postloss. Five core patterns were identified: common grief, chronic depression, improvement during bereavement, resilience. Common grief was relatively infrequent, resilient pattern most frequent. authors...

Using prospective longitudinal data on an older sample beginning prior to the death of a spouse, G. A. Bonanno et al. (2002) distinguished 5 unique trajectories bereavement outcome: common grief, chronic depression, depression followed by improvement, and resilience. These having been identified, aims current study were examine differences in how respondents each group reacted processed loss. Specific hypotheses tested regarding coping, meaning making, context, representations lost...

Previous studies have established that scores on Major Depressive Disorder scales are correlated with measures of impairment psychosocial functioning. It remains unclear, however, whether individual depressive symptoms vary in their effect impairment, and if so, what the magnitude these differences might be. We analyzed data from 3,703 depressed outpatients first treatment stage Sequenced Treatment Alternatives to Relieve Depression (STAR*D) study. Participants reported severity 14 symptoms,...

Emotions research is now routinely grounded in evolution, but explicit evolutionary analyses of emotions remain rare. This article considers the implications natural selection for several classic questions about and emotional disorders. are special modes operation shaped by selection. They adjust multiple response parameters ways that have increased fitness adaptively challenging situations recurred over course evolution. valenced because shapes processes influenced past. In decrease...

Little is known about differences in the unmet need for mental health service use between African Americans and Caribbean blacks.To extend National Survey of Black by examining 12-month blacks from recently completed American Life.National household probability samples noninstitutionalized (blacks area countries now living United States) conducted February 2001 June 2003, using a slightly modified World Mental Health version Organization's Composite International Diagnostic Interview.A total...

Background For diagnostic purposes, the nine symptoms that compose DSM-5 criteria for major depressive disorder (MDD) are assumed to be interchangeable indicators of one underlying disorder, implying they should all have similar risk factors. The present study investigates this hypothesis, using a population cohort shifts from low elevated depression levels. Method We assessed MDD criterion (using Patient Health Questionnaire; PHQ-9) and seven factors (personal family history, sex, childhood...

Evolutionary biology provides a crucial foundation for medicine and behavioral science that has been missing from psychiatry. Its absence helps to explain slow progress; its advent promises major advances. Instead of offering new kind treatment, evolutionary psychiatry scientific useful all kinds treatment. It expands the search causes mechanistic explanations disease in some individuals traits make members species vulnerable disease. For instance, capacities symptoms such as pain, cough,...

Purpose: This study evaluated how levels of social participation change as a result late-life widowhood. Social is multidimensional construct incorporating both formal (e.g., meeting attendance, religious participation, and volunteer obligations) informal telephone contact interactions with friends) roles. Design Methods: Using data from the Changing Lives Older Couples study, analyses compared widowed persons to continuously married control participants evaluate whether widowhood affects...

Pure psychoactive drugs and direct routes of administration are evolutionarily novel features our environment. They inherently pathogenic because they bypass adaptive information processing systems act directly on ancient brain mechanisms that control emotion behavior. Drugs induce positive emotions give a false signal fitness benefit. This hijacks incentive "liking" "wanting," can result in continued use no longer bring pleasure. block negative impair useful defenses, although there several...