How socio-demographic factors influence women's autonomy in decision making on health care including purchasing goods and visiting family relatives are very poorly studied Nepal. This study aims to explore the links between household position their making.We used Nepal Demographic Health Survey (NDHS) 2006, which provided data ever married women aged 15-49 years (n = 8257). The consists of four types making; own care, major purchases, purchase for daily needs visits her or relatives. A...

Short‐term test‐retest reliability of the 10‐metre fast walk test (10mFWT) and 6‐minute (6MWT) was evaluated in 31 ambulatory children with cerebral palsy (CP), subgroup analyses Gross Motor Function Classification System (GMFCS) Levels I ( n =9), II =8), III =14). Sixteen females 15 males participated, mean age 9 years 5 months (SD 3y 7mo, range 4y 3mo‐18y 2mo). Twenty had spastic diplegia, while others another form CP. Retest interval varied from 1 to 4 weeks (mean 10.6d [SD 6.4])....

Objective To explore prospectively women’s decision making regarding mode of delivery after a previous caesarean section. Main outcome measures The evolution making, participation in and factors affecting making. Design methods A qualitative study using diaries, observations semi‐structured interviews. Data were analysed thematically from both longitudinal cross‐sectional perspective. Setting An antenatal unit large teaching hospital Scotland participants’ homes. Sample Twenty‐six women who...

Objective: To determine the contribution of preeclampsia toward preterm birth in primiparous women. Methods: This large population-based case–control study used Aberdeen Maternity and Neonatal Databank to analyze data on women with singleton pregnancies, who delivered between 1997 2012.Results: A significant positive association was found (adjusted odds ratio 4.43; 95% confidence interval 3.80–5.16). Magnitude varied according onset delivery year delivery. Conclusion: Preeclampsia is an...

The first target of the fifth United Nations Millennium Development Goal is to reduce maternal mortality by 75% between 1990 and 2015. This critically off track. Despite difficulties inherent in measuring mortality, interventions aimed at reducing it must be monitored evaluated determine most effective strategies different contexts. In some contexts, direct causes death, such as haemorrhage sepsis, predominate can tackled effectively through providing access skilled birth attendance...

Introduction Obesity is rising globally and associated with increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcomes. This study aims to investigate overweight obesity its consequences among Jamaican women reproductive age, particularly development diabetes, hypertension the maternal death. Materials methods A national lifestyle survey (2007/8) 1371 age provided data on prevalence high BMI, factors co-morbidities. mortality surveillance database (1998–2012) 798 deaths was used in obese women....

To improve access to skilled attendance at delivery and thereby reduce maternal mortality, the Government of Ghana introduced a policy exempting all women attending health facilities from paying care fees.To examine effect exemption on delivery-related mortality.Maternal deaths in 9 12 hospitals Central Region (CR) Volta (VR) respectively were analysed. The study covered period 11 months before after introduction between 2004 2006. Maternal identified by screening registers clinical notes...

A decline in the national maternal mortality ratio Nepal has been observed from surveys conducted between 1996 and 2008. This paper aims to assess plausibility of identify drivers change.National sub-national trends data were investigated using existing demographic health morbidity surveys. Potential variation districts identified by regressing district-level indicators against estimates.A statistically significant 539 deaths 281 per 100,000 (95% CI 91,507) live births 1993 2003 was...

The 6-month exclusive breastfeeding rate in the Northeast region of Thailand has recently significantly decreased contrast to all other regions Thailand. factors that have influenced this decrease remain unknown. Hence, it is suggested an investigation into could improve or hinder EBF for 6 months may be required inform development relevant interventions situation. This study aimed identify perceived facilitators and barriers providing among mothers.Six focus group discussions were conducted...

Objective To determine whether the higher levels of obstetric intervention and maternity service use among older women can be explained by complications. Design A retrospective analysis routinely collected data from Aberdeen Maternity Neonatal Databank. Participants All residents city district delivering singleton infants at Hospital 1988‐1997 (28,484 deliveries). Main outcome measures Odds ratios for each in maternal age groups compared with aged 20‐29. Interventions considered include...

As a growing proportion of women delay childbearing into their later reproductive years, the risks and costs associated with advancing maternal age become increasingly important. Extensive evidence shows that both obstetric interventions complications are more common among older women,1 it is often assumed consequence complications. Delivery by caesarean section one such intervention importance for public health. The extent to which association explained is, however, not known. Martel et al...

Increasing the proportion of deliveries with skilled attendance is widely regarded as key to reducing maternal mortality and morbidity in developing countries. The percentage a health professional commonly used assess attendance, but measures only presence an attendant, not skills or enabling environment. To supplement currently available information on attendant at delivery, method measure extent delivery through use clinical records was devised. Data were collected from 416 hospitals,...

Prevalence of overweight and obesity is rising. Hence, it likely that a higher proportion women undergoing assisted reproduction treatment are or obese.In retrospective cross-sectional analysis using routinely collected data an IVF Unit maternity hospital in tertiary care setting the UK, direct costs were assessed for all weight classes. Costs underweight, obese compared with those normal body mass index (BMI).Of 1756 women, who underwent their first cycle between 1997 2006, 43 (2.4%)...

Summary Objectives To describe levels and causes of pregnancy‐related mortality selected outcomes after pregnancy (OAP) in two districts Burkina Faso. Methods A household census was conducted the study districts, recording deaths to women aged 12–49 years from 2001 2006. Questions on last 5 for resident reproductive age were included, an additional method – direct sisterhood added part area. Adult female followed‐up with verbal autopsies (VA) members. probabilistic model interpreting VA data...

Addison's disease, also known as hypoadrenocorticism, has been reported in many individual dogs, although some breeds exhibit a greater incidence than the population whole. is presumed to be an autoimmune mediated hereditary defect but mode of inheritance remains unclear. In particular, heritability and have not defined for Portuguese Water Dog prevalent breed. The analyses present clear evidence that establishes disease inherited disorder with estimate 0.49 (± 0.16); there were no...

Widespread reports of "disrespect and abuse" in maternity wards low- middle-income countries have triggered the development rights-based respectful care (RMC) standards initiatives. To explore how international translate into local realities, we conducted a team ethnography, involving observations labor government facilities central Malawi, interviews focus groups with midwives, women, guardians. We identified dual disconnect between, first, universal RMC principles notions good and, second,...

Increasing the proportion of births with skilled attendance is advocated by international agencies as a key factor in reducing maternal and perinatal mortality morbidity. The SAFE Strategy Development Tool designed to enable policy makers planners gather interpret information systematically develop strategies for improving at birth.Five modules were developed partners Bangladesh, Ghana, Jamaica, Malawi, Mexico guide identification problems related attendance, collection primary secondary...

Nepal experienced a steep decline in maternal mortality between 1996 and 2006, which had again dropped by 2010. The aim of this study was to investigate any trends factors that may be responsible for decline. based on secondary data analysis maternity care services socio-demographic variables extracted from the Demographic Health Surveys (1996, 2001, 2006 2011). Complex sample performed determine these across four surveys. Univariate logistic regression selected service calculate average...