A universal design chart for lag-lead compensators is given. This allows to be designed without trial-and-error while meeting four specifications: steady-state error; phase margin; gain and (or phase) crossover frequency.

The influence of silver nanoparticles (SNPs) on the performance organic light‐emitting diodes (OLEDs) is investigated in this study. SNPs are introduced between electron‐transport layers by means thermal evaporation. found to have surface plasmon resonance at wavelength 525 nm when mean particle size 34 nm. optimized OLED, terms spacing emitting layer and SNPs, maximum luminance 2.4 times higher than that OLED without SNPs. energy transfer exciton plasmons with different distances has been studied.

The conductivity of poly(3,4-thylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT: PSS) films by adding various molar concentrations sulfuric acid (H 2 SO 4 ) was improved and studied in this paper. sheet resistance the doped PEDOT: PSS film enhanced with increasing ratio H , but it drops after maximum resistance. reason for phenomenon is resulting from fact that preferentially react sorbitol which so-called pinacol rearrangement. nonconductive anions some − were substituted conductive...

An optimized hybrid planar heterojunction (PHJ) of small molecule organic solar cells (SM‐OSCs) based on copper phthalocyanine (CuPc) as donor and fullerene (C 60 ) acceptor was fabricated, which obviously enhanced the performance device by sequentially using both MoO 3 pentacene double anode buffer layers (ABL), also known hole extraction layer (HEL). A series vacuum‐deposited ABL, acting an electron exciton blocking layer, were examined for their characteristics in SM‐OSCs. The reliability...

The barium titanate (BaTiO 3 ) nanoparticles with novel dendrite‐like structures have been successfully fabricated via a simple coprecipitation method, the so‐called BaTiO nanodendrites (BTNDs). This method was remarkable, fast, simple, and scalable. growth solution is prepared by chloride (BaCl 2 ), titanium tetrachloride (TiCl 4 oxalic acid. shape size of depend on amount added BaCl solvent. To investigate influence BTNDs, varied in range from to 6 mL. role found remarkable morphology,...

The work demonstrates the improvement of color stability for white organic light-emitting diode (WOLED). devices were prepared by vacuum deposition on ITO-glass substrates. These guest materials 5,6,11,12-tetraphenylnaphthacene (Rubrene) deposited in 4,4′-bis(2,2-diphenyl vinyl)-1,1′-biphenyl (DPVBi), resulting an emitting layer. Experimental results reveal that properties multiple-ultra-thin layer (MUTL) are better than those with a single material, reaching commercial white-light...

A CuInSe 2 (CIS) thin film was electrodeposited (ED) on a Au-coated plastic substrate using an aqueous acidic solution containing 1 mM CuCl , 5 InCl 3 SeO and M triethanolamine (TEA) adjusted to pH 1.65. With this new technology, the quality of ED-CIS can be suitably improved with 0.1 Na citrate control growth solution. The composition CIS “Cu:In:Se=25.6%:25.0%:49.4%” prepared at -1.5 V (SCE) after annealing 150°C for h in N atmosphere. Neither nor found have cracked heat treatment....

The influences of gold nanoparticles (GNPs) and the buffer layer on performance organic light-emitting diodes are investigated in this study. GNPs doped into poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)-poly(styrenesulfonate) (PEDOT:PSS) is introduced between hole-transport emitting layer. found to have surface plasmon resonance at a wavelength 530 nm when mean particle size 10 nm. current efficiency device, density 145 mA/cm2, with 6 about 1.93 times higher than that device prime PEDOT:PSS because...

An ultrathin hole-injection buffer layer (HBL) using silicon dioxide (SiO 2 ) by electron beam evaporation in flexible organic light-emitting diode (FOLED) has been fabricated. While the current of device at constant driving voltage decreases as increasing SiO thickness. Compared to different thicknesses layer, FOLED with 4 nm showed highest luminous efficiency. The atomic force microscopy (AFM) investigation indium tin oxide (ITO)/SiO topography reveals changes interface between and...

The structure of indium tin oxide (ITO) (100 nm)/molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ) (15 nm)/N,N0‐bis‐(1‐naphthyl)‐N,N0‐biphenyl‐1,10‐biphenyl‐4,40‐diamine (NPB) (40 nm)/4,4′‐Bis(2,2‐diphenylvinyl)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (DPVBi) (10 nm)/5,6,11,12‐tetraphenylnaphthacene (Rubrene) (0.2 nm)/DPVBi (24 nm)/Rubrene (6 nm)/4,7‐diphenyl‐1,10‐phenanthroline (BPhen): cesium carbonate (Cs 2 Co nm)/Al (120 nm) with high color purity and stability white organic light‐emitting diode (WOLED) was fabricated. function the...

The organic light‐emitting diodes with triple hole‐blocking layer (THBL) formation sandwich structure which generate white emission were fabricated. 5,6,11,12‐tetraphenylnapthacene (Rubrene), (4,4′‐N,N′‐dicarbazole)biphenyl (CBP), and 4,4′‐bis(2,2′diphenylvinil)‐1,1′‐biphenyl (DPVBi) used as emitting materials in the device. function of CBP is not only an but also a (HBL), Rubrene was doped into CBP. optimal configuration indium tin oxide (ITO)/Molybdenum trioxide (MoO 3 ) (5...

A blue organic light-emitting diode with a double hole-transporting (DHT) structure has been developed. The device, ITO/N,N'-Bis (naphthalene-1-yl)-N,N'-bis(phenyl)-benzidine/4,4'-Bis (N-carbazolyl)-1,1'-biphenyl (CBP)/4,4'-Bis(2,2-diphenylethen-yl) diphenyl/CBP/tris(8-hydroxyquinolate)aluminum/lithium fluoride/aluminum, consists of layer, DHT layer and an electron-transporting layer. color purity is improved by modulation the thickness CBP When thicknesses left right are respectively 8 nm 2...

Organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) with triple hole-blocking layer (THBL) structure, which consist of 2,9-dimethyl-4,7-diphenyl-1,10-phenanthroline (BCP), 4,4′-bis(2,2′diphenyl vinil)-1,1′-biphenyl (DPVBi), and (4,4′-N,N′-dicarbazole)biphenyl (CBP), have been fabricated. Regardless applied voltage variation, the luminous efficiency OLEDs THBL structure was increased by 41% as compared dual (DHBL) structure. The CIE coordinates (0.157, 0.111) device are close to pure blue emission than...

In this paper, we investigated the role of electron transport layer (ETL) on organic solar cells. By using 2-(4-Biphenylyl)-5-(4-tert-butylphenyl)-1, 3, 4-oxadiazole (PBD), bathocuproine (BCP) and tris (8-hydroxy-quinolinato) aluminium (Alq3) were used as ETLs. It was observed that PCE device with BCP greatly improved compared devices other The performance improvement analyzed in terms energy diagram level, UV/vis absorption spectra.

Consider the response of an unstable LTI filter to input over a time interval [0, T]. The total consists signal and natural filter. latter grows exponentially so that is not usable. authors show by holding final value fixed finite (say, zero), can be forced negligible some initial part T] used. A means implementing this idea reverse across purpose work present state-variable perspective technique. An example shown implement with no phase shifts.