Humans share implicit preferences for certain cross-sensory combinations; example, they consistently associate higher-pitched sounds with lighter colors, smaller size, and spikier shapes. In the condition of synesthesia, people may experience such cross-modal correspondences to a perceptual degree (e.g., literally seeing sounds). So far, no study has addressed question whether nonhuman animals as well. To establish evolutionary origins mappings, we tested chimpanzees ( Pan troglodytes ) also...

Both self-control and emotion regulation enable individuals to adapt external circumstances social contexts, both are assumed rely on the overlapping neural resources. Here, we tested whether high self-reported is related successful behavioral level. One hundred eight participants completed three questionnaires regulated their negative emotions during functional magnetic resonance imaging using reappraisal (distancing). Trait correlated positively with subjectively neurally, as indicated by...

All mobile organisms forage for resources, choosing how and when to search new opportunities by comparing current returns with the average environment. In humans, nomadic lifestyles favouring exploration have been associated genetic mutations implicated in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), inviting hypothesis that this condition may impact foraging decisions general population. Here we tested pre-registered examining human participants collected resources an online task. On...

Alcohol-dependent patients have been shown to faster approach than avoid alcohol stimuli on the Approach Avoidance Task (AAT). This so-called bias has associated with increased brain activation in medial prefrontal cortex and nucleus accumbens. Cognitive modification (CBM) used retrain clinically relevant effect of decreasing relapse rates one year later. The effects CBM neural signatures approach/avoidance tendencies remain hitherto unknown. In a double-blind placebo-controlled design, 26...

There is accumulating evidence that automatic processes play a large role in alcohol dependence, which may be related to craving and consumption. The aim of this study investigate associations between cognitive biases alcohol-dependent patients, how these measures relate drinking behavior. Thirty patients 15 healthy controls (matched for age, intelligence education; all male) completed three bias tasks: the Implicit Association Test (IAT: alcohol-approach association), Approach Avoidance...

To reach longer-term goals and live aligned with their values, people typically must regulate behavior. Effortful self-control is one way to achieve this usually framed as a forceful struggle between lower-level impulses higher-level cognitive control processes. For example, may restrain themselves from eating cake in order lose weight. An alternative avenue of self-regulation draws on autonomous motivation: Individuals eat healthfully because it values-congruent or intrinsically satisfying....

Humans value rewards less when these are delivered in the future as opposed to immediately, a phenomenon referred delay discounting. While discounting has been studied during anticipation of and context intertemporal decision-making, little is known about its neural correlates outcome phase (during reward delivery) their relation personality. Personality traits that have associated with increased include impulsivity and, potentially, anxious-depressive traits. Here we performed functional...

Hypnosis can affect perception, motor function and memory. However, so far no study using neuroimaging has investigated whether hypnosis influence reward processing decision-making. Here, we assessed posthypnotic suggestions diminish the attractiveness of unhealthy food this is more effective than diminishing by one's own effort via autosuggestion. In total, 16 participants were hypnotized others instructed to associate a color cue (blue or green) with disgust regarding specific snacks...

We report a single-case study, EB, who experiences synaesthetic sensations of color from tactile stimulation. Developmental synaesthesia is typically characterized by the consistency pairings over time, in that stimuli tend to generate same responses on different occasions. Here we demonstrate EB's touch–color associations are significantly more consistent time compared group non-synaesthete controls, but this comes face surprisingly high among non-synaesthetes themselves, for certain...

Objectives: Mindfulness-based interventions (MBIs) have been shown to reduce engagement in disordered eating behaviors, although how these engender change remains unclear. The objective of this exploratory qualitative study was describe the experiences and perceived attitudinal behavioral changes women participating a mindful program. Design: Focus group discussions were held with community-based program for binge emotional eating. A semistructured interview guide used explore participants'...

People hold general beliefs about the world called primals (e.g., is Safe, Intentional), which are strongly linked to individual differences in personality, behavior, and mental health. How such form or change across lifespan largely unknown, although theory suggests that become more negative after disruptive events. The COVID-19 pandemic provided an opportunity test whether dramatic changes personal adversity affect beliefs.In a longitudinal, quasi-experimental, pre-registered design, 529...

Background: Severe immobility due to lesions of the brain necessitates therapeutic positioning over long term.There is little scientific evidence concerning efficacy different methods.This clinical trial compares effects conventional (CON) with those in neutral (LiN).Methods: A prospective, multicenter, investigator-blinded, randomized, controlled was performed on a total 218 non-ambulatory patients (underlying disease: stroke, 141 patients; hypoxic damage, 28; traumatic injury, 20; other,...

Increasingly, business leaders and other professionals are called upon to be vulnerable authentic in the workplace, which often includes disclosing emotions others. While sharing is known enhance closeness, several questions remain underexplored. Specifically, personal facts about oneself have been studied together, making it difficult determine effects of per se. Moreover, not enough factors that may influence emotions, including recipients' attitudes toward emotion-sharing, sharer's...

Abstract Background and aims Maladaptive eating habits are a major cause of obesity weight-related illness. The development empirically-based approaches, such as mindfulness training (MT) that target accurate mechanisms action to address these behaviors is therefore critical. Two studies were conducted examine the impact MT on maladaptive determine involvement reinforcement learning underlying effects. Methods In Study1, assessed using self-report questionnaires at baseline 8 weeks after an...

During self-control, we may resist short-term temptations in order to reach a favorable future (e.g., resisting cake stay healthy). The neural basis of self-control is typically attributed "cold", unemotional cognitive control mechanisms which inhibit affect-related regions via the prefrontal cortex. Here investigate underpinnings regulating cravings by mentally evoking positive consequences temptation being healthy) as opposed negative giving becoming overweight). It conceivable that when...

Self-control can be defined as the ability to exert control over ones impulses. Currently, most research in area relies on self-report. Focusing attentional processes involved self-control, we modified a spatial selective cueing task test three domains of self-control experimentally one using aversive, tempting, and neutral picture-distractors. The aims study were (1) investigate individual differences susceptibility tempting distraction within paradigm (2) association these conventional...

Decubitus ulcers are associated with a burden for the patients and cause enormous costs. One of reasons development decubitus is prolonged exposure to pressure. The aim this pilot study was examine pressure distribution healthy individuals either positioned in Positioning Neutral (LiN) or conventional positioning (CON).Four participants were supine, 30° degree side lying 90° position both LiN CON. A thousand sensors mattress enabled visual presentation low, medium high on screen. This...