Geomagnetic activity, the frequency and intensity of magnetic disturbance, is supposed to indicate influence solar corpuscular radiation on Earth. Various schemes for measuring fluctuations this phenomenon are in operation, but connection with direct ionospheric studies by radio methods it was found necessary provide a new scheme using smaller time‐units than day or half day. A three‐hour‐range index K based “Potsdamer erdmagnetische Kennziffer” therefore provisionally adopted International...

Following an introductory survey of the main features solar and lunar daily variations, S L, in horizontal intensity, H , January at Huancayo, days with conspicuous influences, geomagnetic tides, are discussed. A separation L on such “big‐L‐days” is attempted. Daily ranges then introduced for study intensity and, thereby, wave‐radiation W . Up to international character‐figures C =1.1, found independent changes corpuscular radiation P Various methods studying compared. Lunar semimonthly...

After the completion of Part I and summary [reference 4 in I], a new viewpoint was found which seemed likely to lead better methods than those used hitherto computation lunar diurnal variation L, for main term L ( M 2 ) arising from partial tide also subsidiary terms depending on distance. This led “principle efficient sampling geophysical statistics” (21), general expression ideas underlying previous work. principle when applied present computing reveals reason rather unsatisfactory results...

The paper gives three‐hour‐range indices K for seven observatories July 1, 1938, to December 31, 1939 (Table 1), world‐wide w 1938 and 2, which will be used most often), and, based on , daily B 3) monthly frequencies averages 4). Section (1) contains all the information necessary using these Tables in geophysical or ionospheric work. Sections (2) (5) show how are standardized by means of keys transforming into reduced r . is introduced as an average from polar stations enter with higher...

Artur Ekert is a professor of quantum physics and cryptography at the University Oxford, UK, whose work on information processing in mechanical systems has wide-ranging applications computing. In 2024 he received Royal Society’s Milner Award for outstanding achievement computer science by European researcher.

Ice cream has a simple ingredient list – just and sugar, but as anyone who’s tried to make it knows, this frozen dessert can easily become sticky, icy mess. Food scientist Douglas Goff explains how lessons from materials science teach us the perfect scoop.

To date K ‐indices have been received at the Department of Terrestrial Magnetism from 21 magnetic observatories for year 1942. Those contributing were, in order geomagnetic latitude: College; Sodankylä; Lerwick; Dombâs; Meanook; Sitka; Esktlalemuir; Rude Skov; Agincourt; Witteveen; Abinger; Cheltenham; San Fernando; Tucson; Juan; Honolulu; Huancayo; Hermanus; Watheroo; Too‐langi; and Amberley. College, Sodankylä, Toolangi, Amberley were not included list published [see 1 “References” end...

Uniform sets of graphs are given expressing the average daily magnetic variations at seven observatories as influenced by season, sunspot‐cycle, and activity. The effect disturbance on mean values elements is discussed. International disturbed days shown to be more around Greenwich noon than during rest day. This second‐order must considered in studies disturbance‐field.

We modify the method of Albergo et al. for determining temperature an excited nucleus from double ratios isotope yields and present a statistical model which accounts population decay states emitted fragments. Nuclear temperatures are extracted using experimental isotopic fragments helium through carbon reactions $^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ + $^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$, $^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$ $^{58}\mathrm{Fe}$, $^{58}\mathrm{Fe}$ at 33 MeV/nucleon projectile energy. Using we obtain consistent values various...

The effects of the lunar tide‐producing force, so clearly recognizable day by in oceanic tides, are veiled lower atmosphere much larger non‐tidal movements. Nevertheless, long series barometric readings have yielded accurate information about atmospheric tides. Lunar variations also been found geomagnetic force components; they may be called “geomagnetic tides” since these daily magnetic ∟ linked dynamo‐theory with tidal motions ionosphere. They result a comparatively simple large‐scale...

Scientists working on the WEST tokamak in Cadarache, France, have successfully confined their first plasma.

The Department of Terrestrial Magnetism made observations potential gradient, positive conductivity, and negative conductivity at Point Loma near San Diego, California, on September 10, 1923, as well control the four preceding following days. Improved bifilar electrometers, which gave dependable determinations potential, were used. Potential gradient was observed both by eye‐readings continuous photographic registration. Conductivity simultaneously with two Gerdien apparatuses....

Isotopically resolved intermediate-mass fragments and light charged particles have been detected from the reactions ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ar}$ ${}^{40}\mathrm{Ca}$ with ${}^{58}\mathrm{Fe}$ ${}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ at ${E}_{\mathrm{beam}}=33$ 45 MeV/nucleon. There is an angular dependence to isotopic ratios. A moving source analysis shows that emitted ${\ensuremath{\Theta}}_{\mathrm{lab}}=40\ifmmode^\circ\else\textdegree\fi{}$ can be attributed primarily a composite while backward angles are...

Atmospheric‐electric observations obtained through a survey in the District of Columbia and vicinity, indicate existence high‐, medium‐, low‐conductivity areas. Approximately normal high total conductivity‐values, on average 2.3×10 −4 E.S.U., were found regions outside Columbia. This value is about three times that for region which roughly included by boundary‐lines, except an extension towards city Baltimore. The air‐earth current tends equality over all regions; this was interpreted to...

The mass-symmetric reactions ${}^{58}{\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e},}^{58}{\mathrm{Ni}\mathrm{}+}^{58}{\mathrm{F}\mathrm{e},}^{58}\mathrm{Ni}$ were studied at a beam energy of ${E}_{\mathrm{beam}}=30 \mathrm{M}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{V}/\mathrm{n}\mathrm{u}\mathrm{c}\mathrm{l}\mathrm{e}\mathrm{o}\mathrm{n}$ in order to investigate the isospin dependence fragment emission. Ratios inclusive yields isotopic fragments from hydrogen through nitrogen extracted as function laboratory angle. A moving source...

Summaries of American URSI broadcasts have appeared regularly in this JOURNAL since the issue for December, 1930. As set forth June, 1937, “The Department Terrestrial Magnetism and United States Coast Geodetic Survey with cooperation Army Navy communication‐services several amateur radio stations undertaken to supply character‐figure based upon reports seven American‐operated observatories—those at Huancayo Peru Watheroo Western Australia, those Cheltenham (Maryland), Honolulu (Hawaii), San...

Tabulations are given of three‐hour‐range indices for five magnetic observatories 1937 and seven 1940 (Table 1), weighted average reduced three‐hour‐indices 2), daily derived from the reduced‐indices 3). Graphs showing relationship sums weighted, with American character‐figure C A International .

The list of magnetic observatories gives for the 72 stations in operation geographic position and abbreviation each one. Among newer observatories, either or under construction, are Nurmijarvi Finland, Průhonice Czechoslovakia, Memanbetsu Japan, El Abiod, Beni-Abbes M'Bour French Colonial Africa, Muntinlupa Philippine Islands. Speaking general terms, annual values recent years follow after those published September 1948 issue Journal Terrestrial Magnetism Atmospheric Electricity. Values year...

The Association of Terrestrial Magnetism and Electricity the International Union Geodesy Geophysics passed a resolution in regard to three‐hour‐range indices at its Seventh Assembly held Washington September, 1939. was as follows: That cooperation magnetic observatories be sought for three‐year period an international trial‐scheme provision ( K ) characterize variation degree irregular activity throughout each day, especially order meet requests made by Scientific Radio telegraphy other...

Observations of atmospheric potential‐gradient have been made at divers places over the Earth's surface during last half century least. These observations are obtained by measuring potential some point means a collector. Various types collectors used such as jets water or flame, and radio‐active material. The potentials determined electroscopes electrometers either eye readings form continuously recording apparatus.

K ‐indices from 12 magnetic observatories for the second half of 1940 are published herewith. Those first were 1 in issue June, 1941, this J ournal and indices seven American‐operated year 2 March, . In accordance with wishes Dr. J. Bartels, Director, Geophysikalisches Institut, Potsdam, who is Chairman Committee on Three‐Hour‐Range Index, text circular letter January 20, 1940, A. Fleming, President International Association Terrestrial Magnetism Electricity, sent to all directors...

The data for terrestrial magnetism, sunspots, and solar constant are the same as given in previous tables. three columns each month Table 1 give (1) magnetic character according to scale 0–2 of International Commission Terrestrial Magnetism Atmospheric Electricity, (2) type featuring day other than normal by letters b , p o i days marked bay, rapid pulsations, long‐period oscillations, irregular respectively, (3) hour minute Greenwich mean time marking beginning a storm, end storm being...