A5012352931- Health disparities and outcomes
- Urban Transport and Accessibility
- Urban, Neighborhood, and Segregation Studies
- Food Security and Health in Diverse Populations
- Homelessness and Social Issues
- Disaster Response and Management
- Employment and Welfare Studies
- Posttraumatic Stress Disorder Research
- Public Health Policies and Education
- Health Policy Implementation Science
- Global Health Care Issues
- Community Health and Development
- Maternal and Perinatal Health Interventions
- Migration, Health and Trauma
- Disaster Management and Resilience
- Resilience and Mental Health
- Traffic and Road Safety
- Housing Market and Economics
- Racial and Ethnic Identity Research
- Air Quality and Health Impacts
- Climate Change and Health Impacts
- Global Public Health Policies and Epidemiology
- Noise Effects and Management
- Migration and Labor Dynamics
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
Massachusetts Institute of Technology
2015-2024
New York University
2024
Neighborhood Health
2022
University of California, San Francisco
2021
IIT@MIT
2021
Hudson Institute
2020
Harvard University
2011-2020
Creative Commons
2019
University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School
2019
University of New Hampshire
2019
Individuals from different backgrounds, social groups, and countries enjoy levels of health. This article defines distinguishes between unavoidable health inequalities unjust preventable inequities. We describe the dimensions along which are commonly examined, including across global population, or states, within geographies, by socially relevant groupings such as race/ethnicity, gender, education, caste, income, occupation, more. Different theories attempt to explain group-level differences...
In the 1930s, maps created by federal Home Owners' Loan Corporation (HOLC) nationalized residential racial segregation via "redlining," whereby HOLC designated and colored in red areas they deemed to be unsuitable for mortgage lending on account of their Black, foreign-born, or low-income residents. We used recently digitized redlining 28 municipalities Massachusetts analyze Cancer Registry data late stage at diagnosis cervical, breast, lung, colorectal cancer (2001-2015). Multivariable...
We review findings from the last decade of research on effects disasters, concentrating three important themes: differences between recovery places versus people, need to differentiate short- and long-term trajectories, changing role government how it has exacerbated inequality in engendered feedback loops that create greater vulnerability. reflect focus majority sociological studies disasters by our United States, but we also include throughout world if they contribute empirical theoretical...
Abstract Although cities globally are increasingly mobilizing re-naturing projects to address diverse urban socio-environmental and health challenges, there is mounting evidence that these interventions may also be linked the phenomenon known as green gentrification. However, date empirical on relationship between greenspaces gentrification regarding associations with different greenspace types remains scarce. This study focused 28 mid-sized in North America Western Europe. We assessed...
Background Cesarean delivery is the most common inpatient surgery in United States, where 1.3 million cesarean sections occur annually, and rates vary widely by hospital. Identifying sources of variation use crucial to improving consistency quality obstetric care. We used hospital discharge records examine extent which variability likelihood section across US hospitals was attributable individual women's clinical diagnoses. Methods Findings Using data from 2009 2010 Nationwide Inpatient...
Residential self-selection bias is a concern in studies of neighborhoods and health. This results from health behaviors predicting neighborhood choice. To quantify this bias, we examined associations between pre-move factors (body mass index, walking, total physical activity) post-move (County Sprawl Index, Census tract socioeconomic status (SES)) the Nurses’ Health Study (n = 14,159 moves 1986–2008). Individuals highest quartile BMI (BMI > 28.4) compared to lowest < 22.5) moved...
Objective We examined the extent to which differences in hospital-level cesarean delivery rates Massachusetts were attributable hospital-level, rather than maternal, characteristics. Methods Birth certificate and maternal in-patient hospital discharge records for 2004–06 linked. The study population was nulliparous, term, singleton, vertex births (NTSV) (n = 80,371) 49 hospitals. Covariates included mother's age, race/ethnicity, education, infant birth weight, gestational labor induction...
Climate change exacerbates the severity of natural disasters, which disproportionately affect vulnerable populations. Mitigating disasters' health consequences is critical to promoting equity, but few studies have isolated short- and long-term effects disasters on groups. We filled this gap by conducting a fifteen-year (2003–2018) prospective study low-income, predominantly Black parents who experienced Hurricane Katrina: Resilience in Survivors Katrina (RISK) Project. Here we describe...
Housing insecurity induced by evictions may increase the risk of contracting COVID-19.To estimate association lifting state-level eviction moratoria, which increased housing during COVID-19 pandemic, with being diagnosed COVID-19.This retrospective cohort study included individuals commercial insurance or Medicare Advantage who lived in a state that issued an moratorium and were as well control group comprising equal number randomly selected these states not COVID-19. Data collected from...
We assessed the extent to which living near foreclosed properties is associated with individuals' subsequent weight gain.We linked health and address information on 2068 Framingham Offspring Cohort members (7830 assessments) across 5 waves (1987-2008) records of all Massachusetts foreclosures during that period. used counts lender-owned within 100 meters participants' homes predict body mass index (BMI; defined as in kilograms divided by square height meters) odds being overweight (BMI ≥...
Significance Although neighborhood outcomes and health may influence each other reciprocally, existing studies overwhelmingly focus on effects health. Health’s is largely viewed as a nuisance that bias estimates. However, if shapes whether individuals attain better neighborhoods, understanding selection processes advance both urban policy objectives. We follow socially vulnerable cohort of Hurricane Katrina survivors from 2003–2010 find although was not associated with poverty before the...
Health inequities among people of different races and ethnicities, geographical locations, social classes are not a new phenomenon, although the size has changed since researchers first began documenting them. While interventions to improve health targeted disadvantaged groups may help combat disparities, broader trends that disproportionately benefit privileged or harm vulnerable populations can eclipse progress made through isolated interventions. These threaten equity in care United...
The health implications of urban development, particularly in rapidly changing, low-income neighborhoods, are poorly understood. We describe the Healthy Neighborhoods Study (HNS), a Participatory Action Research study examining relationship between neighborhood change and population nine Massachusetts neighborhoods. Baseline data from HNS survey show that social factors, specifically income insecurity, food support, experiencing discrimination, expecting to move, connectedness neighborhood,...
Background— No studies have examined the effects of local foreclosure activity on neighbors’ blood pressure, despite fact that spillover nearby foreclosures include many known risk factors for increased pressure. We assessed extent to which living near foreclosed properties is associated with subsequent systolic pressure (SBP) measurements. Methods and Results— used 6590 geocoded observations collected from 1740 participants in Framingham Offspring Cohort across 5 waves (1987–2008) Heart...
One impediment to expanding the prevalence and quality of community-engaged research is a shortage instructive resources for collaboratively designing instruments analyzing data with community members. This article describes how consortium residents, grassroots organizations, academic public institutions implemented collaborative design analysis processes as part participatory action (PAR) study investigating relationship between neighborhoods health in greater Boston area. We report nine...