In wireless environments, transmission and reception costs dominate system power consumption, motivating research effort on new technologies capable of reducing the footprint radio, paving way for Internet Things. The most important challenge is to reduce consumption when receivers are idle, so called idle-listening cost. One approach proposes switching off main receiver, then introduces wake-up circuitry detecting an incoming transmission, optionally discriminating packet destination using...

Nowadays, the interest in low-cost and increasingly accurate phasor measurement units (PMUs) for active distribution systems is steadily growing. In this paper, an algorithm synchrophasor, fundamental frequency, rate of change frequency estimation tailored processing platforms with limited computational resources described characterized extensively terms both accuracy time. The proposed solution harnesses main advantages two state-of-the-art algorithms, i.e., interpolated discrete Fourier...

To tackle the modern need for gas sensing, mobile and miniaturized sensors have been deployed many use cases, including on remote driven vehicles. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) are very promising this type of measurement because possibility to sense hard reach areas, without exposing operator risks. In article, we present a coordinated swarm UAVs equipped with industrial air pollution monitoring. The by ground control station total working volume. We developed coverage algorithm that...

We propose a self-sustainable wireless sensor node capable to monitor both environmental data and flora health state, exploiting Microbial Fuel Cell combined with plant. This bio-electrochemical system is used as power generator supply the embedded electronics biosensor for estimating status of demonstrate that sub-milliwatt provided by fuel cell enough achieving an energy-neutral smart samples sends data. Moreover, rate harvested correlated living in symbiosis bacteria colony. The proposed...

Solid-state chemiresistive gas sensors have attracted a lot of researchers’ attention during the last half-century thanks to their ability detect different gases with high sensitivity, low power consumption, cost, and portability. Among most promising sensitive materials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) interest due large active surface area (in range 50–1400 m2/g, depending on composition) fact that they can operate at room temperature. In this study, single-walled nanotube (SWCNT)-based sensing...

As a step toward sustainable wireless sensing, we present proof of concept system that uses Plant Microbial Fuel Cells (PMFC) as power source. To match the very low production capabilities PMFC, couple it with an ultra-low wake-up receiver used trigger for sampling and transmission sensed value. We demonstrate this combination, new, initiated MAC-level communication protocol, results in reasonable data rates, shown to be 30s our laboratory setting. This work offers first steps large-scale...

Microbial Fuel Cells are a promising technology for many different applications like wastewater treatment and energy supply system monitoring hostile environments. In this article, we discuss analyze the possibility to use jointly small scale MFC as an source biosensor monitor health of plants, with embedded wireless sensor node. We present prototype powered by electric generated bacteria. The rate generation is used feedback on plant's state. Finally, demonstrate that amount scavenged...

In the recent years, scientific community is paying great attention to development of phasor measurement units (PMU) and, particularly, novel digital signal processing algorithms for these instruments. While performance estimation usually evaluated through simulations on a PC, overall PMU accuracy depends hardware as well (e.g., transducers, data converters, and synchronization circuitry). However, relationship between metrological characteristics equipment very difficult predict or...

Excessive or improper street lighting is currently responsible for a significant waste of electrical energy in many cities worldwide. In order to improve efficiency, the traditional light posts are expected be gradually replaced by smart systems able adapt features emitted different environmental, traffic, crowdedness conditions. Power Line Communication (PLC) natural choice support control, since no additional communication infrastructure needed. However, at moment not so simulation tools...

Going low power and having a or neutral impact on the environment is key for embedded systems, as pervasive wearable consumer electronics growing. In this paper, we present self-sustaining, ultra-low device, supplied by Plant-Microbial Fuel Cell (PMFC) capable of smart sensing long-range communication. The use PMFC source challenging but has many advantages like only requirement watering plant. system uses aggressive management thanks to FRAM technology exploited retain microcontroller...

A lot of research and studies have shown the impact pollution on health, a regulation are in action European Union other countries around world defining allowed concentration levels volatile chemicals. Standard measurements equipment very expensive, static large stations require space high power consumption, thus not suitable to realize portable nor seamlessly be integrated Smart Cities. In this paper we present design evaluation monitoring as small 20×15×5 cm, powered by mini PV arrays,...

The Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) are currently considered among the most useful instruments for smart grid monitoring. While traditional PMUs deployed at transmission level usually high-performance and expensive instruments, interest in smaller cheaper units able to perform synchronized measurements of voltage current waveforms distribution is growing. In this paper, a feasibility study about implementation state-of-the-art estimation algorithms low-cost embedded platforms presented....

Nowadays, there is a growing demand for well-distributed sensor network to monitor air quality which can aid policymakers in making decisions. This has led an increase the R&D of cost-effective and energy-efficient sensing solutions. In this study, platforms composed MEMS chemoresistive gas sensors were developed deployed two Italian cities detection pollutants. Over three years measurements, have proven be reliable detecting CO, NO2 O3 with high accuracy compared data collected by local...

Power line communication is becoming important as a leading technology in Smart Grid applications. This paper presents new system to reduce the power consumption of modems, implementing zero-power stand-by feature. The incoming wake-up signal simple PLC frame and its associated energy used supply logic. mainly conceived for street lighting systems that use where represents an issue because there are thousands lamps city, total modems mode not negligible. architecture system, well design...

The proliferation of estimation algorithms for Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs) makes performance analysis and comparison between different techniques a challenging task. This paper presents testbed conceived to perform flexible accurate characterization in various testing conditions reported the IEEE Standard C37.118.1-2011 its Amendment C37.118.1a-2014 while including additional uncertainty contributions, such as those due measurement transducers, data acquisition synchronization modules,...

Energy autonomy is a crucial bottleneck for consumer electronics and low-cost devices that are pillar the Internet of Things era. In this work, we present self-sustainable sensor device drives an e-paper digital display powered by energy produced colonies electrogenic bacteria in symbiosis with plants. The power management subsystem has been designed to meet requirements sensing unit adapt supply provided Plant-Microbial Fuel Cell (PMFC). Differently from others harvesting technologies,...

This paper presents the design and implementation of a servo-clock (SC) for low-cost Phasor Measurement Units (PMUs). The SC relies on classic Proportional Integral (PI) controller, which has been properly tuned to minimize synchronization error due local oscillator triggering on-board timer. implemented into PMU prototype developed within OpenPMU project using BeagleBone Black (BBB) board. distinctive feature proposed solution is its ability track an input Pulse-Per-Second (PPS) reference...

One of the main challenges smart grid applications is relying on efficient communication infrastructure and service. Important applications, such as lighting, use Power line (PLC) pre-existing infrastructure. Nevertheless, this protocol not energy when sporadic. In paper, we propose a method to eliminate consumption in street lights during stand-by mode. The proposed wake-up system permits avoid waste PLC modem present line. Experimental results compare different design choices achieve an...

We present the design optimization of an energy harvesting device based on aeroelastic flutter effect, developed for converting wind in electrical energy. Due to mechanical principle, harvester can be equipped with a system capable follow Maximum Power Point generator and then sustain demand sensor used pollution monitoring. The consists tensioned ribbon coupled electromagnetic transducer power conditioning unit guarantee supply remote sensors deployed hard-to-reach areas. This paper...

Street lighting is responsible for 6% of the greenhouse global gases emissions and 19% total use electrical energy; nevertheless it essential citizens safety in streets. The migration to smart introduces problem power consumption intelligent infrastructure standby mode, which was not present classic lighting. In this paper, we show how eliminate listening mode with line communication (PLC) infrastructure, adding zero-power wakeup receivers modems. This promising solution can be extended as a...

Ozone is a crucial component of the Earth's atmosphere, playing critical role in protecting planet from harmful ultraviolet radiation. However, its concentration can vary greatly across different regions with significant impacts on human health and environment equilibrium. The aim this work was to calibrate low-cost sensing platform, based chemoresistive gas sensors, monitor environmental O3. ongoing on-field calibration performed deep neural network using O3 collected by local protection...

Chemoresistive gas sensors are surely one of the easiest and most commonly used methods to monitor presence different polluting gases. Nevertheless, there still several challenges overcome in order for these be widely used. In particular, selectivity sensitivity chemoresistive towards a wide range analytes need improved. This is why new sensing materials capable detecting sensitive selective manner being investigated. this regard, work focused on development characterization material based...

The temperature of the sensing material has a large impact on tin-oxide gas sensor performance. However, thermal analysis sensors is often overlooked or only partially included in studies. aim this research was to employ numerical simulations investigate effect detection ethanol an ethanol/air mixture by positioning multiple electrodes single heated membrane. experimental results validated electrothermal simulation and indicated significant responsivity. Indeed, decrease average from 427 °C...