A better understanding of the factors regulating feed efficiency and their potential as predictors in cattle is needed. Therefore, three classes traits, namely, feeding behavior characteristics: daily time at feeder (TF; min/day), per meal (TM; min), size (MS; g DM), eating rate (ER; DM/min), number meals (NM) visits to (VF); infrared (IR) thermography traits (°C): eye (EY), cheek (CK), snout (SN), ribs (RB) hind area (HA); glucocorticoid levels: fecal cortisol metabolites (FCM; ng/g) plasma...

In pigs, gut bacteria have been shown to play important roles in nutritional, physiological, and immunological processes the host. However, contribution of their metagenomes or part them, which are normally reflected by fragments 16S rRNA-encoding genes, has yet be fully investigated. Fecal samples, collected from a population crossbred pigs at three time points, including weaning, week 15 post weaning (hereafter "week 15"), end-of-feeding test "off-test"), were used evaluate changes...

Linkage disequilibrium (LD) and the persistence of its phase across populations are important for genomic selection as well fine scale mapping quantitative trait loci. However knowledge LD in beef cattle, between crossbreds purebreds, is limited. The objective this study was to understand patterns Angus, Charolais, crossbred cattle based on 31'073, 32'088 33'286 SNP each population, respectively. Amount decreased rapidly from 0.29 0.23 0.19 Angus (AN), 0.22 0.16 0.12 Charolais (CH), 0.21...

A genome-wide association study using the Illumina 50K BeadChip included 38,745 SNP on 29 BTA analyzed 751 animals, including 33 purebreds and 718 crossbred cattle. Genotypes 6 production traits: birth weight (BWT), weaning (WWT), ADG, DMI, midtest metabolic BW (MMWT), residual feed intake (RFI), were used to estimate effects of individual traits. At level false discovery rate (FDR < 10%), 41 5 found significantly associated with BWT WWT, respectively. Thirty-three them located BTA6. a less...

Abstract In this paper, we evaluated the power of microbiome measures taken at three time points over growth test period (weaning, 15 and 22 weeks) to foretell carcass traits in 1039 individuals a line crossbred pigs. We measured prediction accuracy as correlation between actual predicted phenotypes five-fold cross-validation setting. Phenotypic included live weight composition obtained during trial well slaughter. employed null model excluding information baseline assess increase stemming...

Abstract Background While the adoption of genomic evaluations in livestock has increased genetic gain rates, its effects on diversity and accumulation inbreeding have raised concerns cattle populations. Increased may affect fitness decrease mean performance for economically important traits, such as fertility growth beef cattle, with age having a possible effect magnitude depression. The purpose this study was to determine changes result implementation selection Angus quantify potential...

Genetic improvement of beef quality will benefit both producers and consumers, can be achieved by selecting animals that carry desired quantitative trait nucleotides (QTN), which result from intensive searches using genetic markers. This paper presents a genome-wide association approach utilizing single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) in the Illumina BovineSNP50 BeadChip to seek genomic regions potentially harbor genes or QTN underlying variation carcass cattle. study used 747 genotyped...

The accuracy of genomic predictions can be used to assess the utility dense marker genotypes for genetic improvement beef efficiency traits. This study was designed test impact distance between training and validation populations, population size, statistical methods, density markers on prediction feed traits in multibreed crossbred cattle. A total 6,794 cattle data collated from various projects research herds across Canada were used. Illumina BovineSNP50 (50K) imputed Axiom Genome-Wide BOS...

Penicillium griseofulvum CF3 is a fungus isolated from healthy strawberry soil, with the potential to promote growth of plants and enhance their resistance diseases. However, genome sequence P. remains unclear. Therefore, we performed whole-genome CCS sequencing using PacBio Sequel II platform. The assembled comprised 104 contigs, total length 37,564,657 bp, encoding 13,252 protein-coding genes. Comprehensive functional annotation was various BLAST databases, including non-redundant (Nr)...

Utilization of feed in livestock species consists a wide range biological processes, and therefore, its efficiency can be expressed various ways, including direct measurement, such as daily intake, well indicator measures, feeding behavior. Measuring is important to the swine industry, accuracy enhanced by using automated systems, which record intake associated behavior individual animals. Each feeder space often shared among several pigs therefore raises concerns about social interactions...

Genotyping with lower density but cost panels enables more animals to be genotyped for genomic selection. Imputation the determination of missing SNP genotypes in a low-density panel by using information from reference population higher panel, which should increase accuracy EBV. In this study, imputation, linkage disequilibrium among markers, was implemented software BEAGLE, FIMPUTE 2.2, and IMPUTE2 multibreed, crossbred taurine beef cattle Illumina SNP50. Different combinations populations...

Abstract Background Heat stress and fescue toxicosis caused by ingesting tall infected with the endophytic fungus Epichloë coenophiala represent two of most prevalent stressors to beef cattle in United States cost industry millions dollars each year. The rate at which a cow sheds her winter coat early summer is an indicator adaptation heat economically relevant trait temperate or subtropical parts world. Furthermore, research suggests that early-summer hair shedding may reflect tolerance...

Genomic selection (GS) has gained extensive ground in the past decade. The American Angus Association led way for incorporation of GS US beef industry. Since 2009, been employed breeders to make decisions. Several updates increase accuracy occurred over years. most notable being shift from multistep approaches single-step genomic BLUP methods predict genetic differences among individuals. Now after nearly a decade, started tout its impacts across Over one million animals have genotyped and...

This study reports a genome wide scan for chromosome regions and their haplotypes that significantly associated with average daily gain (ADG), dry matter intake (DMI), residual feed (RFI) in beef cattle. The used data from 597 Angus, 450 Charolais, 616 crossbred cattle, the Illumina Bovine SNP50 beadchip. Extended haplotype homozygosity was to identify had been recently selected three groups of animals. Such crossbreds were tested association ADG, DMI, RFI. At false discovery rates 5% 10%,...

ABSTRACT In this paper, we evaluated the power of metagenome measures taken at three time points over growth test period (weaning, 15 and 22 weeks) to foretell carcass traits in 1039 individuals a line crossbred pigs. We measured prediction accuracy as correlation between actual predicted phenotypes five-fold cross-validation setting. Phenotypic included live weight composition obtained during trial well slaughter. employed null model excluding microbiome information baseline assess increase...

Nowadays, the availability of genotyped trios (sire-dam-offspring) in livestock industry enables implementation transmission ratio distortion (TRD) approach to discover deleterious alleles genome. Various biological mechanisms at different stages reproductive cycle such as gametogenesis, embryo development and postnatal viability can induce signals TRD (i.e., deviation from Mendelian inheritance expectations). In this study, was evaluated using both SNP-by-SNP sliding windows 2-, 4-, 7-, 10-...

Abstract In the past decade, genomic testing of beef cattle has evolved from applications in research to a routine practice for many seedstock breeders. Testing lethal genetic conditions or parentage was breeders’ first experience with testing. While American Angus Association (AAA) began utilizing 384 SNP genotypes evaluations 2009, adoption genotyping higher density (~50,000 SNP) arrays by AAA 2010 launched large-scale evaluation. transitioned semi-annual weekly 2010, and cost decreased...

Abstract Background Heat stress and fescue toxicosis caused by ingesting tall infected with the endophytic fungus Epichloë coenophiala represent two of most prevalent stressors to beef cattle in United States, costing industry millions dollars each year. The rate at which a cow sheds her winter coat early summer is an indicator adaptation heat economically relevant trait many parts U.S. Further, research suggests that early-summer hair shedding may be reflective tolerance toxicosis, as...

Abstract The rapid development of DNA technologies, together with the adoption and daily routine use commercial SNP arrays in livestock industries, provided a valuable resource large powerful data that can be explored for innovative applications animal breeding purposes. Thus, current availability trios (i.e., sire-dam-offspring) genotyped families enables implementation transmission ratio distortion (TRD) approach to discover lethal alleles. Lethal alleles, which are crucial genetic...