A5078574152- Social and Intergroup Psychology
- Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Behavioral Health and Interventions
- Psychology of Moral and Emotional Judgment
- Cultural Differences and Values
- Memory Processes and Influences
- Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies
- Child and Animal Learning Development
- Action Observation and Synchronization
- Mental Health Research Topics
- Emotions and Moral Behavior
- Language, Metaphor, and Cognition
- Psychology of Social Influence
- Experimental Behavioral Economics Studies
- Face Recognition and Perception
- Survey Methodology and Nonresponse
- Psychological Well-being and Life Satisfaction
- Communication in Education and Healthcare
- Deception detection and forensic psychology
- Sociology and Education Studies
- Academic and Historical Perspectives in Psychology
- Child and Adolescent Psychosocial and Emotional Development
- Language, Discourse, Communication Strategies
- Jury Decision Making Processes
- Law, Economics, and Judicial Systems
University of Würzburg
2014-2025
Open University of Israel
2010
University of Michigan–Ann Arbor
2003
University of Mannheim
1980-2001
Columbia University
2000
Universität Trier
1993-1996
Trier University of Applied Sciences
1994
Max Planck Society
1991-1992
Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences
1991-1992
Max Planck Institute of Psychiatry
1991
This article describes a 2-systems model that explains social behavior as joint function of reflective and impulsive processes. In particular, it is assumed controlled by 2 interacting systems follow different operating principles. The system generates behavioral decisions are based on knowledge about facts values, whereas the elicits through associative links motivational orientations. proposed how interact at various stages processing, their outputs may determine in synergistic or...
We investigated the hypothesis that people's facial activity influences their affective responses. Two studies were designed to both eliminate methodological problems of earlier experiments and clarify theoretical ambiguities, This was achieved by having subjects hold a pen in mouth ways either inhibited or facilitated muscles typically associated with smiling without requiring pose face. Study 1 's results demonstrated effectiveness procedure. Subjects reported more intense humor responses...
Experienced ease of recall was found to qualify the implications recalled content. Ss who had 12 examples assertive (unassertive) behaviors, which difficult, rated themselves as less (less unassertive) than subjects 6 examples, easy In fact, reported higher assertiveness after recalling unassertive rather behaviors. Thus, self-assessments only reflected recaUed content if The impact eliminated when its informational value discredited by a misattribution manipulation. informative functions...
Though human beings embody a unique ability for planned behavior, they also often act impulsively. This insight may be important the study of self-control situations in which people are torn between their long-term goals to restrain behavior and immediate impulses that promise hedonic fulfillment. In present article, we outline dual-systems perspective impulse suggest framework prediction outcomes. combines three elements that, considered jointly, enable more precise outcomes than do when...
Results of 3 studies support the notion that anchoring is a special case semantic priming; specifically, information activated to solve comparative task will subsequently be more accessible when participants make absolute judgments. By using logic priming research, in Study 1 authors showed strength anchor effect depends on applicability information. 2 revealed contrast was not representative for judgment and targets tasks were sufficiently different. demonstrated generating judgments...
The impact of happy and sad moods on the processing persuasive communications is explored. In Experiment 1, subjects were influenced by a counter attitudinal message only if arguments presented strong, not they weak Happy subjects, however, equally persuaded strong arguments, unless explicitly instructed to pay attention content message. Subjects' cognitive responses revealed parallel pattern, suggesting that findings reflect mood elaboration 2, working distractor task during exposure...
This article reports 2 experiments that test whether both emotional and nonemotional feelings may be influenced by uninterpreted proprioceptive input. The logic of the procedure was adopted from studies F. Strack, L. Martin, S. Stepper (1988), who unobtrusively manipulated people's facial expressions. In 1st experiment, a functionally equivalent technique used to vary posture body. Study 1 results revealed success at an achievement task led greater pride if outcome received in upright...
Three experiments showed that subjects' ratings of general life satisfaction depended not only on the hedonic quality experiences they happened to recall but also way in which thought about them. Specifically, present events influenced judgments well-being same direction. The past events, however, had a congruent impact when thinking them elicited affect otherwise contrast effect these judgments. Two factors were found determine if elicits affect: whether subjects describe vividly and detail...
There has been increasing criticism of the way psychologists conduct and analyze studies. These critiques as well failures to replicate several high-profile studies have used justification proclaim a "replication crisis" in psychology. Psychologists are encouraged more "exact" replications published assess reproducibility psychological research. This article argues that alleged "crisis replicability" is primarily due an epistemological misunderstanding emphasizes phenomenon instead its...
ABSTRACT Aims The main aim of this study was to test whether automatic action‐tendencies approach alcohol can be modified, and affects drinking behaviour. Design participants Forty‐two hazardous drinkers were assigned randomly a condition in which they implicitly trained avoid or alcohol, using training variety the Approach Avoidance Test (AAT). Participants pushed pulled joystick response picture‐format (landscape portrait). pictures depicted alcoholic non‐alcoholic drinks. avoid‐alcohol...
The current studies aimed to find out whether a nonintentional form of mood contagion exists and which mechanisms can account for it. In these experiments participants who expected be tested text comprehension listened an affectively neutral speech that was spoken in slightly sad or happy voice. authors found (a) the emotional expression induced congruent state listeners, (b) inferential accounts sharing were not easily reconciled with findings, (c) different affective experiences emerged...
Anchoring effects—the assimilation of a numeric estimate to previously considered standard—have proved be remarkably robust. Results two studies, however, demonstrate that anchoring can reduced by applying consider-the-opposite strategy. Based on the Selective Accessibility Model, which assumes is mediated selectively increased accessibility anchor-consistent knowledge, authors hypothesized increasing anchor-inconsistent knowledge mitigates effect. Considering opposite (i.e., generating...
Judicial sentencing decisions should be guided by facts, not chance. The present research however demonstrates that the of experienced legal professionals are influenced irrelevant demands even if they blatantly determined at random. Participating experts anchored their on a given demand and assimilated toward it this came from an source (Study 1), were informed was randomly 2), or themselves throwing dice 3). Expertise experience did reduce effect. This bias appears to produced selective...
Abstract Two experiments examined the effects of answering a question about specific component life satisfaction on respondents' assessment their overall with life. The results suggest that use primed information in forming subsequent judgments is determined by Grice's conversational norms. In general, increases accessibility relevant to question. However, effect this has general judgment depends way which two questions are presented. When merely placed sequence without context, answer based...
A theoretical model of the emergence assimilation and contrast effects in part-whole question sequences is presented. When one specific precedes a general two are not assigned to same conversational context, respondents use information primed by form judgment. This results effects. If both questions perceived as belonging gether, however, norms nonredundancy prohibit repeated that has already been provided response when making Accordingly, interpret refer aspects other than ones covered...
One characteristic of men who sexually harass is that they are not aware their actions inappropriate or a misuse power (L. F. Fitzgerald, 1993a). We investigated the existence and automaticity mental association between concepts sex, its consequences for sexual harassment tendencies. Using subliminal priming paradigm, Experiment 1 demonstrated an automatic link only high in likelihood to aggress. In 2, male participants were unobtrusively primed with either power-related neutral stimuli. For...
Effects of the range response categories provided in a closed answer format on behavioral reports and subsequent judgments were explored. Respondents reported their daily use television along scale that either ranged from "up to half hour" "to more than two hours" or "more four hours." The former subjects less latter estimated average TV be lower. Moreover, evaluated important lives (Experiment 1) satisfaction with variety leisure-time activities 2). These results indicate inferred amount...
Abstract Two studies on the impact of temporary moods judgments satisfaction with life in general and specific life‐domains are reported. It was hypothesized that individuals simplify complex task evaluating their by referring to mood at time judgment, but evaluate basis domain‐specific information. In accordance this hypothesis, both demonstrated strong effects life‐satisfaction only weak non‐significant domain‐satisfactions. The findings interpreted as supporting hypothesis affective...