Abstract The article presents the general characteristics of road transport safety in Poland over years 2009-2019. key objective this study was to investigate main factors accidents Poland. Up till now, number has been analysed detail on basis data collisions from rear, side and frontal perspective. Moreover, article, statistics regarding perpetrators by gender age are summarized, as well dynamics aspects changes related new passenger vehicles trucks 2009-2019 indicated. As a result,...

Vehicle third-party liability insurance, or civil is not only the most important but above all mandatory insurance for every vehicle owner. Third-party covers costs of repairing damage caused by insured to other road users. Therefore, protects so much themselves, rather third parties who receive financial compensation damages incurred and bodily injury. This study analyzed relationships between policyholders individuals involved in accidents. To achieve this, age structure purchasing private...

The aim of the study is to compare head displacement KPSIT C50 dummy during a frontal collision at speed 20 km/h, along with change in angle car seat backrest. Passenger manufacturers recommend setting backrest between 100 and 125 degrees. It should be noted that driver's position great importance event injury. In rear-end collision, headrest an element affects degree injuries. extreme cases, incorrect positioning headrest, even low speed, can lead serious injuries cervical spine death....

People use mobile phones for almost all activities throughout the day. Phones are used to perform such as running, cycling and walking on sidewalk. Most often we listen music, browse Internet or just talk. Unfortunately, it should be noted that of a phone is not always safe, can distract attention pedestrian driver, which lead road accident. The topic using at crossings much less frequently discussed compared while driving passenger vehicle. phenomenon distracting pedestrians with becoming...

The article presents the results of research on assessment vibrational comfort children carried in child seats. work analyzes impact child's mass and speed car passing through bump level vibration to which passenger (child) transported seat mounted rear is exposed. tested seats were installed a using ISOfix base. During tests, measured values acceleration seat, backrest As part research, drive out at different speeds with simulating child. test analyzed order determine magnitude vibrations...

A vehicle’s longitudinal acceleration is a parameter often used for determining vehicle motion dynamics. This can also be to evaluate driver behavior and passenger comfort analysis. The paper presents the results of tests city buses coaches recorded during rapid braking maneuvers. presented test demonstrate that significantly affected by road conditions surface type. In addition, values accelerations their regular operation. These were obtained on basis registration traffic parameters in...

The article presents a model of an anthropometric dummy designed for low velocity crash tests, in ADAMS. consists rigid bodies connected with special joints appropriately selected stiffness and damping. simulation has the appropriate dimensions, shape, mass individual elements to suit 50 percentile male. purpose this is draw attention speed tests. Current dummies such as THOR Hybrid III are used tests at speeds above 40 km/h. In contrast, low-speed test currently BioRID-II dummy, which...

Mobile phones accompany us in every area of life and at the same time keep busy while performing other basic activities such as running, cycling, driving or walking traffic. The problem using cell is interest to many scientists around world. This offense severely punished countries. mobile moving vehicles has been largely resolved; however, there a visible high percentage pedestrians cyclists who are used checking their devices aim article get acquainted with issues by when crossing...

Recently, the automotive industry has used simulation programs much more often than experimental research. Computer simulations are and due to repeatability of conditions possibility making modifications in objects. Experimental studies carried out aimed at developing a model dummy adapted both frontal rear crash tests, taking into account changes moment resistance individual joints. The main purpose article is reproduce real test low speed 20 km/h program. For this purpose, series tests...

The article presents a general description of the safety problem in Polish road transport years 2002-2019. number accidents was analyzed detail, taking into account division side, front and rear collisions dynamics their changes. contains information on changes registered passenger vehicles trucks Poland 2000-2018. Moreover, fatalities 2002-2019 presented, type collision. forecasts presented show downward trend for 2020-2030. frontal collisions. An inconspicuous collision by not braking...

The aim of this study was to compare the head displacement KPSIT C50 dummy, representing a 50th percentile male, with C5 5th female, during low-speed collisions. Low-speed collisions, such as those occurring in urban traffic jams, are increasingly common. research conducted on dedicated educational workstation designed measure forces seat belts. This is part comprehensive project crash tests involving both volunteers and physical dummies. were at speed 20 km/h simulate real-world collision...

This study focuses on the KPSIT C50 dummy to examine impact of modifications seat belts and vehicle seating. With increasing frequency sudden braking collisions, particularly during traffic jams, understanding these factors is crucial. Experiments were conducted a specially designed teaching platform that measures belt forces displacement various body parts (whether or human volunteer) low-speed crash tests. research part comprehensive investigation involving tests with volunteers physical...

The paper presents the results of research on assessment vibration comfort child seats in a passenger car. involved impact wheel unbalance size and frequency characteristics vibrations to which small is exposed - transported standard car seat placed back studies recorded acceleration floor, under seat, for various speeds. were analysed determine intensity generated by unbalanced wheel. Based obtained results, degree has been assessed.

The dynamic loads acting on passengers during road accidents depend not only the vehicle structure, but also properties of applied passenger and driver protection system. Two-point seat belts are most frequently used personal system for adult in bus vehicles. paper investigates thread body a 50 percentile dummy placed an armchair equipped with two-point belts. In order to solve this problem, tests recorded Phantom v310 camera were used, object which was Hybrid II 50th dummy, recording...

The article presents statistical data on the state of road transport safety in Poland against background selected European countries years 2010-2020. characteristics change length motorways along with percentage rate increase countries. Statistical number registered motor vehicles analyzed period are presented. main purpose is to use coefficient determination R2 determine impact and fatalities accidents authors chose as an indicator how reducing overall increasing will affect fatalities....

The paper presents the tests of vehicle shock absorbers which comprise installed in a car (suspension tests) and removed from (stand testing). It also compares test results front rear axle suspension passenger vehicle, conducted on diagnostic line, as well taken out tested stand with MTS-manufactured components. line comprises two stands. allowed for employing methods order to absorbers: EUSAMA THETA. These are most common testing particular attention was paid their advantages drawbacks....

The subject of the considerations presented in this article are experimental braking performance tests carried out on dry surfaces for three selected vehicle types: passenger vehicle, delivery truck and touristic bus. paper describes factors affecting performance. were repeatedly asphalt pavement using specialized testing equipment. deceleration was determined as a function time maximum values determined. Statistical analysis obtained results performed, mean standard deviation Based...

This paper deals with the issues of impact vertical vibrations on a child seated in seat during journey. Its purpose was to assess fastening seats and road conditions level recorded seats. The describes tested seats, methodology tests test apparatus included measuring track. were carried out real where located rear passenger vehicle. One attached standard belts, other ISOFIX base. When driving roads three types surface, following accelerations measured: vehicle ISOfix first analyzed time...

The article presents the design of upper limb joints an anthropometric dummy intended for rear crash tests low impact speeds. These represent connection hand to forearm, forearm arm, and arm shoulder. designed joint is adapted construction a representing 50th percentile male. currently used on Hybrid III dummies require calibration after each test. new ensures appropriate strength individual elements repeatable value characteristics without need frequent calibrations. have ability set...

The article presents a model designed dummy for crash test in ADAMS. simulated has dimensions, shapes and mass corresponding to 50-percentile man. simulation program allows modification of the parameters. It study dynamics motion, distribution forces loads individual parts body model. describes design process how select appropriate stiffness damping joints dummy. contains results tests performed ADAMS program, which were compared Hybryd III physical test. is reflect greatest compliance...

This article analyzes the impact of Covid-19 pandemic on intensity road accidents in Poland. The affected not only health citizens, but also their preferences terms communication. It significantly inhibited mobility society and increased capacity urban traffic during rush hour some cities. contains statistics number that occurred 2011-2021 people who died as a result these accidents. period from 2019 to 2021 was subjected detailed analysis this respect. observed there significant decrease...

There are more and motorcycles on the roads. This can be seen, for example, basis of statistical data from Central Statistical Office, where newly registered two-wheelers presented. Based data, it seen that there every year many road accidents involving two-wheelers. According to provided by WHO, as 28% fatalities in motorcycle drivers [10]. The article below presents a review literature related crash tests dummies used tests. work most important standard regulates how performed. main...

The aim of the research is to compare head displacements volunteers with KPSIT C50 dummy, taking into account change vehicle seat belts. Unfortunately, sudden braking or collisions between vehicles becoming more and common, especially during traffic jams. There considerable ignorance in literature on behavior human body a low-speed collision, which motivates development crash test procedures order reduce risk cervical spine injuries. tests were carried out at teaching station designed...

Abstract The development of electromobility in Poland and the whole world is an inevitable process. Every year, electric vehicles powered by renewable fuels become more popular. It should be noted that infrastructure for pursued environmental policy with related subsidies purchase are important aspect encouraging this type vehicle. article presents a comparison popularity energy sources other European Union countries, as well characteristics most common alternative fuels. Its main objective...