Since the introduction of containerization in 1956, its growth has led to a corresponding role container seaborne traffic world trade. To respond such growth, requirements for setting up common standards various kinds harbor equipment, and identifying performance indicators assess handling equipment have increased. Although operating systems ship-to-shore cranes may be different at each terminal, four main movements are same: hoist, trolley, gantry, boom. By determining this work hour...

The use of integrals certain reference satellite motions has played an important role in many classical investigations. As a principal example, the solution to two-body problem is foundation Lagrange's planetary equations. also been used find solutions that satisfy associated linear differential variational equations form basis guidance schemes without additional integration by expanding about nominal trajectory. These have traditionally written nonrotating coordinate system. Recently, (and...

The detector subsystem of the Optical Wide-field Patrol (OWL) network efficiently acquires position and time information moving objects such as artificial satellites through its chopper system, which consists 4 blades in front CCD camera. Using this it is possible to get more data with same exposure by changing streaks into many pieces fast rotating during sidereal tracking. At time, from can be acquired tagger connected photo diode. To analyze orbits targets detected image a sequential...

The key risk analysis technologies for the re-entry of space objects into Earth’s atmosphere are divided four categories: cataloguing and databases objects, lifetime trajectory predictions, break-up models after multiple debris distribution ground impact probability models. In this study, we focused on reentry prediction, including orbital assessments, situational awareness systems. Re-entry predictions very difficult affected by various sources uncertainty. particular, during uncontrolled...

The current study analyzes the effects of scaling parameters batch unscented transformation on precision satellite orbit determination. Satellite laser ranging (SLR) data are used in determination algorithm, which consists dynamics model, observation model and filtering algorithm composed transformation. TOPEX/Poseidon SLR by utilizing normal point (NP) observed from ground station. includes a repeated series processes to determine appropriate for To parameters, general ranges...

An Optical Wide-field patroL-Network (OWL-Net) has been developed for maintaining Korean low Earth orbit (LEO) satellites' orbital ephemeris. The OWL-Net consists of five optical tracking stations. Brightness signals reflected sunlight the targets were detected by a charged coupled device (CCD). A chopper system was adopted fast astrometric data sampling, maximum 50 Hz, within short observation time. accuracy validated with precise ephemeris such as Consolidated Prediction File (CPF) and...

With increased human activity in space, the risk of re-entry and collision between space objects is constantly increasing. Hence, need for situational awareness (SSA) programs has been acknowledged by many experienced agencies. Optical radar sensors, which enable surveillance tracking objects, are most important technical components SSA systems. In particular, combinations systems optical sensor networks play an outstanding role programs. At present, Korea operates wide field patrol network...

The optical wide-field patrol network (OWL-Net) is a Korean surveillance system that tracks and monitors domestic satellites. In this study, batch least squares algorithm was developed for measurements verified by Monte Carlo simulation covariance analysis. Potential error sources of OWL-Net, such as noise, bias, clock errors, were analyzed. There linear relation between the estimation accuracy noise level, significantly depends on declination bias. addition, time-tagging degrades...

By using the Optical Wide-field Patrol (OWL) network developed by Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) we generated right ascension declination angle data from optical observation of Low Earth Orbit (LEO) satellites. We performed an analysis to verify optimum number observations needed per arc for successful estimation orbit. The currently functioning OWL observatories are located in Daejeon (South Korea), Songino (Mongolia), Oukaïmeden (Morocco). Observatory is as a test bed....

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) launched the development project of two satellite laser ranging (SLR) systems in early 2008 after government fund approval SLR 2007. One mobile system one permanent station will be developed with completion project. The main objectives these focused on Geodetic researches. A requirement review was held second half same year. Through following design meeting other reviews, many unsolved technical engineering issues would discussed resolved....

Two semi-analytic solutions for a perturbed two-body problem known as Lagrange planetary equations (LPE) were compared to numerical integration of the equation motion with same perturbation force. To avoid critical conditions inherited from configuration LPE, non-singular orbital elements (EOE) had been introduced. In this study, two types elements, classical Keplerian (COE) and EOE used solution LPE. The effectiveness discrepancy between COE investigated by using several near conditions....

KASI (Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute) has developed an SLR (Satellite Laser Ranging) system since 2008. The name of the development program is ARGO (Accurate Ranging for Geodetic Observation). a wide range applications in satellite precise orbit determination space geodesy research using with mm-level accuracy. ARGO-M (Mobile, bistatic 10 cm transmitting/40 receiving telescopes) ARGO-F (Fixed stationary, about 1 m transmitting/receiving integrated telescope) systems will be...

Inactive space objects are usually rotating and tumbling as a result of internal or external forces. KOREASAT 1 has been inactive since 2005, its drift trajectory monitored with the optical wide-field patrol network (OWL-Net). However, quantitative analysis in regard to attitude evolution never performed. Here, two tracking systems were used acquire raw measurements analyze rotation period satellites. During campaign 2013, was observed by 0.6 m class telescope operated Korea Astronomy Space...

The objectives of this study are to analyze the satellite visibility at randomly established ground sites, determine five optimal sites perform optical surveillance and tracking domestic satellites, verify acquisition observation time sufficient maintain precise ephemeris that have been already determined. In order accomplish these objectives, we analyzed for sun-synchronous orbit low earth middle satellites as well continuous along with fictitious track, calculate effective visibility. For...

Optical observation system provides angle-only measurement for orbit determination of space object. Range can be directly acquired using laser ranging or tone system. Initial (IOD) by angle- only data set shows discrepancy according to the time interval. To solve this problem, range should added IOD. In study, two-site optical was used derive information. We have observed nine geostationary earth satellites The result accuracy over 99.5% compared results from satellite tool kit simulation....

Continuous space development increases the occurrence probability of hazards such as collapse a satellite and collision between debris. In Korea, surveillance network with optical system has been developed; however, radar technology for an independent needs to be secured. Herein, L-band phased array detection tracking objects is proposed provide number services including avoidance prediction re-entry events. With mission analysis case foreign advanced systems, parameters are defined...

An optical tracking system has advantages for observing geostationary earth orbit (GEO) satellites relatively over other types of observation system. Regular surveying unidentified space objects with the can be an early warning tool safety five Korean active GEO satellites. Two strategies positioning on observed image Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite 1 are tested compared. Photometric method a half root mean square error against streak method. Also eccentricity initial...

Ground-based optical tracking systems used in space surveillance provide no range information, and an observed arc is too short compared to the orbital period enough dynamical especially for objects low Earth orbit. Thus, multiple arcs of data should be accumulated associated case long-range orbit prediction. In this paper, a strategy associate solutions obtain accurate solution predict long-term trajectory using system proposed analyzed. The consists three steps: unscented batch estimation,...

We estimated the orbit of Communication, Ocean and Meteorological Satellite (COMS), a Geostationary Earth Orbit (GEO) satellite, through data from actual optical observations using telescopes at Sobaeksan Optical Astronomy Observatory (SOAO) Korea Space Science Institute (KASI), Wide field Patrol (OWL) KASI, Chungbuk National University (CNUO) August 1, 2014, to January 13, 2015. The astrometric satellite were extracted World Coordinate System (WCS) in obtained images, geometrically...

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute has been developing one mobile satellite laser ranging system named as accurate for geodetic observation-mobile (ARGO-M). Preliminary design of ARGO-M operation (AOS) which is the subsystems was completed in 2009. results are applied to following development phase by performing detailed with analysis pre-defined requirements derived specifications. This paper addresses preliminary whole AOS. The control part a key described detail. Analysis...

Korea Astronomy and Space Science Institute (KASI) has been developing one mobile stationary SLR system since 2008 named as ARGO-M ARGO-F, respectively. KASI finished the step of deriving requirements ARGO. The include definitions scopes various software hardware components which are necessary for operation system. And define function, performance, interface requirements. consisting site, ARGO-F Remote Operation Center (ROC) inside is designed remote access automatic tracking control main...

In this study, both the altitude error due to refraction and range delay in ionosphere with respect frequency are extracted according radar elevation analyze effect of atmosphere on space surveillance radar. To achieve this, radio refractivity profile is modeled using measured data from domestic weather stations. Then, altitude-error ray tracing method, frequency. Further, considerations for design characteristics discussed based abroad proposed This analysis expected be utilized...