The North China Plain is a crucial agricultural region in China, but irregular precipitation patterns have led to significant water shortages. To address this, analyzing the high-resolution dynamics of root-zone soil moisture transport essential for optimizing irrigation strategies and improving resource efficiency. Richards equation robust model describing across multiple layers, yet its application at large spatial scales hindered by sensitivity boundary conditions parameters. This study...

The drought episodes in the second half of 20th century have profoundly modified state Lake Chad and investigation its variations is necessary under new circumstances. Multiple remote sensing observations were used this paper to study variation recent 25 years. Unlike previous studies, only southern pool (SPLC) was selected as our area, because it permanent open water area after serious lake recession 1973–1975. Four satellite altimetry products for level retrieval 904 Landsat TM/ETM+ images...

Air temperature (Ta) is a common meteorological element involved in many fields, such as surface energy exchange and water circulation. Consequently, accurate Ta estimation essential for the establishment of hydrological, climate, environmental models. Unlike most studies concerned with daily from land temperature, this study focused on instantaneous Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) atmospheric profile products aboard Terra Aqua satellites. The applicability various...

Recent evidence of regional climate change impacts on hydrological cycle directed us to study the floods in a high elevated and rapidly urbanized river basin, Kabul River basin (KRB), Pakistan, which is susceptible frequent flooding. Therefore, we analyzed changes flood regime at various spatial temporal scales their possible causes, accomplished by using indicators, trend analysis, point modeling. The results showed that northern northwestern parts KRB were more exposed hazard than southern...

Lake area, water level, and storage changes of terminal lakes are vital for regional resource management understanding local hydrological processes. Nevertheless, due to the complex geographical conditions, it is difficult investigate analyze this change in ungauged regions. This study focuses on ungauged, semi-arid Gahai Lake, a typical small lake Qaidam Basin. In addition scant observed data, satellite altimetry scarce excessively large fraction outlier points. Here, we proposed an...

A simple and successful design of initial codebook vector quantization (VQ) is presented. For existing algorithms, such as random method, the strongly influenced by selection codewords difficult to match with features training vectors. In proposed vectors are sorted according norm Then, ordered partitioned into N groups where size codebook. The obtained from calculating centroid each group. This initializtion method has a robust performance can be combined VQ algorithm further improve quality

Lakes play an important role in the water ecosystem on earth, and are vulnerable to climate change human activities. Thus, detection of quality changes is great significance for assessment, disaster warning conservancy projects. In this paper, dynamic Poyang Lake monitored by Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR). order extract from SAR images monitor change, a extraction algorithm composed texture feature extraction, fusion target segmentation was proposed. Firstly, fractal dimension lacunarity...

We have implemented a vehicle and traffic incident warning system. The system is capable of drivers accidents, emergencies, conditions using wireless communication Wireless accomplished two distinct data links: short range, high bandwidth link operating in the 5.8 GHz DSRC band providing ad-hoc networking multi-hop packet forwarding, long low 220 MHz ITS spectrum allocation centralized base station cellular-like network. also provides basic vehicle-to-vehicle text messaging JPEG image...

A fast algorithm to speed up the search process of vector quantization encoding is presented. Using sum and partial norms a vector, some eliminating inequalities are constructeded. First inequality based on used for determining bounds searching candidate codeword. Then, using an subvector norm another combining distance with norm, more unnecessary codewords eliminated without full calculation. The proposed can reject lot codewords, while introducing no extra distortion compared conventional...

Withstand capacity test under lightning current, impulse voltage, 50Hz AC voltage and DC of many kinds low systems facility wiring have been conducted in laboratory. The result is very useful for insulation cooperation protection design

This article analyzes the appropriate types of water rights systems for different regions with varying resource conditions in China. The most various zones were determined by comparing value influencing factors corresponding thresholds China’s second-class resources. It is shown that a riparian system under withdrawals permission could be adopted southern For northern Chinese regions, quantity proportional should and further improved. In contrast to implementation single system, this paper...