Seceral contingent valuation studies hace found that the open-ended format yields lower estimates of willingness to pay (WTP) than does closed-ended, or dichotomous choice, format. In this study, WTP for a public encironmental good was estimated under four conditions: actual payment in response and closed-ended requests, hypothetical requests. The experimental results, showing mattered far more payments, support conclusions about reasons choice larger WTP, hinge on nature valuation.

Wildfire is a persistent and growing threat across much of the western United States. Understanding how people living in fire‐prone areas perceive this essential to design effective risk management policies. Drawing on social amplification framework, we develop conceptual model wildfire perceptions that incorporates processes likely shape individuals come understand risk, highlighting role information sources interactions. We classify as expert or nonexpert, group interactions according two...

In a choice experiment study, willingness to pay for public good estimated from hypothetical choices was three times as large requiring actual payment. This bias related the stated level of certainty respondents. We develop protocols measure respondent in context experiment, and calibrate using these measures. While both measurement use measures responses are complicated by multiple-choice nature experiments, calibration successfully mitigated this application. <i>(JEL Q51)</i>

In-depth interviews conducted with homeowners in five Colorado wildland–urban interface communities reveal that the face difficult decisions regarding reduction of wildfire risk. Rather than seeing risk as straightforward, appear to be involved a complex decision-making process social considerations. The shed light on context which make mitigation decisions, participants' perceptions how biophysical landscape near their residences affects mitigation, and options.

We compare two approaches to mitigating hypothetical bias. The study design includes three treatments: an actual payment treatment, a contingent valuation (CV) treatment with follow-up certainty question, and CV cheap talk script. Our results suggest that both the produce willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates consistent treatment. However, provides response distributions at all offer amounts are statistically similar while responses only some amounts. Furthermore, is effective for inexperienced...

The loss of homes to wildfires is an important issue in the USA and other countries. Yet many homeowners living fire-prone areas do not undertake mitigating actions, such as clearing vegetation, decrease risk losing their home. To better understand complexity wildfire risk-mitigation decisions role perceived risk, we conducted a survey area front range Rocky Mountains Colorado. We examine relationship between ratings risk-mitigating behaviours two ways. First, model function risk. Then,...

Social interactions are widely recognized as a potential influence on risk-related behaviors. We present mediation model in which social (classified formal/informal and generic/fire-specific) associated with beliefs about wildfire risk mitigation options, turn shape test this using survey data from fire-prone areas of Colorado. In several cases, our results consistent the hypotheses for actions specifically targeting vegetative fuel reduction. Perceived probability partially mediates...

Ongoing challenges to understanding how hazard exposure and disaster experiences influence perceived risk lead us ask: Is seeing believing? We approach perception by attending two components of overall perception: probability an event occurring consequences if occurs. Using a two-period longitudinal data set collected from survey homeowners living in fire-prone area Colorado, we find that study participants' initial high levels wildfire did not change substantially after extreme events the...

Brenkert-Smith, H., J. R. Meldrum, P. A. Champ, and C. M. Barth. 2017. Where you stand depends on where sit: qualitative inquiry into notions of fire adaptation. Ecology Society 22(3):7. https://doi.org/10.5751/ES-09471-220307

Wildfire is a natural phenomenon with substantial economic consequences, and its management complex, dynamic, rife incentive problems. This article reviews the contribution of economics to our understanding wildfire highlights remaining knowledge gaps. We first summarize impacts illustrate scale trends. then focus on in three phases: mitigation before fires occur, response during fires, after fires. The literature interdependencies spillover effects across fire-prone landscapes as source...

<i>We empirically investigate the effect of payment mechanism on contingent values by asking a willingness-to-pay question with one three different mechanisms: individual contribution, contribution provision point, and referendum. We find statistical evidence more affirmative responses in referendum treatment relative to treatment, some weak point no treatment. The credibility mechanisms is also examined.</i> (JEL H41, Q26)

Dichotomous choice contingent valuation surveys frequently elicit multiple values in a single questionnaire. If individual responses are correlated across scenarios, the standard approach of estimating willingness to pay (WTP) functions independently for each scenario may result biased estimates significance difference mean WTP values. This paper applies an alternative bivariate probit that explicitly accounts correlation errors estimation and WTP. Using data from three separate dichotomous...

Open space lands, national forests in particular, are usually treated as homogeneous entities hedonic price studies. Failure to account for the heterogeneous nature of public open spaces may result inappropriate inferences about benefits proximate location such lands. In this study method is used estimate marginal values proximity Pike National Forest. The results indicate that specifying forest overstates homes within two miles relative based on land use characteristics, because significant...

Abstract The number of people living in wildfire-prone wildland–urban interface (WUI) communities is on the rise. However, no prior study has investigated wildfire-induced residential relocation from WUI areas after a major fire event. To provide insight into association between sociodemographic and sociopsychological characteristics wildfire-related intention to move, we use data survey residents Boulder Larimer counties, Colorado. were collected 2 months devastating Fourmile Canyon...

Wildland–urban interface (WUI) homeowners who do not mitigate the wildfire risk on their properties impose a negative externality society. To reduce social costs of and incentivise to take action, cost sharing programs seek barriers that impede mitigation. Using survey data from WUI community in western Colorado two-stage decision framework, we examine residents’ willingness participate program for removing vegetation amount they are willing contribute removal. We find different factors...

Social science offers rich descriptions of relationships between wildland–urban interface residents and wildfire, but syntheses across different contexts might gloss over important differences. We investigate the potential extent such differences using data collected consistently in sixty-eight Colorado communities hierarchical modeling. find substantial variation responses for all considered measures, much which occurs at community-level. Our results show that many aspects with wildfire...

Research across a variety of risk domains finds that the perceptions professionals and public differ. Such perception gaps occur if understand individual factors differently or they aggregate into overall differently. The nature such divergences, whether based on objective inaccuracies differing perspectives, is important to understand. However, evidence typically pertains general, levels; details about mismatches between specific level faced by individuals their less available. We examine...

Rapidly scaling up the use of prescribed fire is being promoted as an important pathway for reducing growing damages wildfire events in United States, including limiting health impacts from smoke emissions. However, we do not currently have science needed to understand how associated with present compare exposure future. In particular, lack understanding potential long-term public benefits on future and fire’s short-term effects human health. Answering question ‘How learn sustainably coexist...