Chitin synthases are widespread among eukaryotes and known to have a complex evolutionary history in some of the groups. We reconstructed chitin synthase phylogeny using most taxonomically comprehensive dataset currently available shown presence independently formed paralogous groups oomycetes, ciliates, fungi, all diatoms except raphid pennates. There were also two cases horizontal gene transfer (HGT): from fungus early gave rise diatom group, while pennate Acantamoeba ancestor is, our...

Fragilaria and Ulnaria are two closely related diatom genera for which the delimitation circumscription of several species is unclear. We studied strains isolated from Lake Baikal compared them with freshwater reservoirs in Europe Asia using phylogenetic methods, microscopy interclonal crossing experiments. The results analyses fragments rbcL 18S rRNA genes revealed that baikalian F. radians clade was independent representatives genus other localities. Among we found following tree groups at...

Implosions in starlike triple and quadruple wire arrays were investigated a 1 MA Zebra generator. Implosion these loads is directed along the rays of star cascades from to center. Shadowgraphy shows improved homogeneity imploding plasma mitigation instabilities. Despite low azimuthal symmetry, produce stable x-ray pulse with highest peak power >0.4 TW shortest duration 8-12 ns among different types tested loads. This can be linked stabilization instabilities due multiple nesting.

Complete chloroplast genome of diatom alga Synedra acus possesses canonical quadripartite structure with two inverted repeats containing ribosomal RNA gene loci that separate small and large single-copy regions. Chloroplast maps as a circular molecule 116 251 bp. It encodes 27 tRNAs, three rRNAs, genes, 128 protein-coding genes. Comparison the genic features across genomes reveals absence an overlap between atpD atpF coding sequences is present in other plastid origin. This feature clear...

Silicon transporters (SIT) are the proteins, which capture silicic acid in aquatic environment and direct it across plasmalemma to cytoplasm of diatoms. Diatoms utilize build species-specific ornamented exoskeletons make a significant contribution global silica cycle, estimated at 240 ±40 Tmol year. Recently SaSIT genes freshwater araphid pennate diatom Synedra acus subsp. radians found be present genome as cluster two structural (SaSIT-TD SaSIT-TRI) encoding several concatenated copies SIT...

Rapid emergence of evasive SARS-CoV-2 variants is an on-going challenge for COVID-19 vaccinology. Traditional virus neutralization tests provide detailed datasets titers against the viral variants. Such are difficult to interpret and do not immediately inform on sufficiency breadth antibody response. Some these issues could be tackled using antigenic cartography approach. In this study, we created maps sera from donors who received Sputnik V booster vaccine after primary vaccination compared...

Of all unicellular organisms possessing a cell wall, diatoms are the most adept at micro- and nanoscale embellishment of their frustules. Elements walls formed inside under cytoskeletal control. In this work, we used laser scanning microscopy electron to describe major stages wall formation in centric diatom algae Aulacoseira islandica study effect various microtubule inhibitors on morphogenesis frustule elements. Our results show that colchicine inhibits karyokinesis cytokinesis A....

Diatoms are a group of unicellular eukaryotes that essential primary producers in aquatic ecosystems. The dynamic nature their habitat necessitates quick and specific response to various stresses. However, the molecular mechanisms physiological adaptations still underexplored. In this work, we study cosmopolitan freshwater diatom Ulnaria acus (Bacillariophyceae, Fragilariophycidae, Licmophorales, Ulnariaceae, Ulnaria) relation range stress factors, namely silica deficiency, prolonged...

The dynamics of implosions in ldquostarrdquo-like wire arrays were investigated the 1-MA Zebra generator. hydrodynamic mode implosion was confirmed by several plasma diagnostics, including laser probing, an optical streak camera, and a time-gated charge-coupled-device camera. Implosion begins on edge wires cascades from to accelerating toward center.

Abstract k -mer based methods are widely utilized for the analysis of nucleotide sequences and were successfully applied to proteins in several works. However, reasons species-specificity aminoacid distributions unknown. In this work I show that performance these is not only due orthology between k-mers different proteomes, which implies existence some factors optimizing k-mer a species-specific manner. Whatever could be, they affecting most if all more pronounced structurally organized regions.

This article describes the clinical manifestation of natural Vibrio anguillarum infection in rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) during an outbreak on a fish farm. (i) Using integrated approach, we characterized pathogenesis vibriosis from morphological, hematological, and biochemical points view. The molecular mechanisms associated with host immune response were investigated using mass spectrometric analysis plasma proteins. (ii) According to severity (the extent tissue damage, level...

Two diatom species, Ulnaria acus and Fragilaria radians, are morphologically very similar often coexist, which makes it difficult to compare their abundances. However, they easily separated by molecular data; thus, in this work, we attempted estimate the differences spatial temporal distribution from existing metabarcoding datasets. Reanalyzing published sequences with an ASV-based pipeline ad hoc classification routine allowed us relative abundances of two increasing precision compared...

Multiple ecological and genetic studies of diatom algae require an axenic culture. However, algae-associated bacterial biofilms often form in diatom-produced mucus, both during creation monoclonal cultures from single cells biomass growth, they may be difficult to remove. In this work, we describe a protocol for removing associated bacteria culture Ulnaria danica isolated Lake Baikal. The axenization strategy involves selecting the latent phase multiple washes remove extracellular polymeric...

Existing algorithms allow us to infer phylogenetic networks from sequences (DNA, protein or binary), sets of trees, and distance matrices, but there are no methods build them using the gene order data as an input. Here we describe several split data, perform simulation studies, use our for analyzing interpreting different real datasets. All proposed based on intermediate which can be generated genome structures under study used input network construction algorithms. Three intermediates used:...

Taxifolin is a natural flavonoid known for its antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antiproliferative effects on animals. In this work, we have studied the effect of compound rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss, major object aquaculture, under slowly increasing ambient temperature Gyrodactylus flatworm infection. Transcriptomic profiling liver samples performed by using Illumina HiSeq 2500 sequencing platform shows that combined taxifolin/heat treatment, unlike heat treatment alone,...

Using scanning electron microscopy, the morphology of Alveolophora antiqua (Moisseeva) Moisseeva from freshwater Early Miocene paleolake in Barguzin Valley was studied. We extended species diagnosis relative to features such as spines, structure areolae, costae, alveolae, rimoportulae and external opening show a wide morphological variability with regard valve shape (round, oval, ovoid triangular). The percentage these shapes varied core depth. Oval valves dominated lower layers, while...

Diatoms synthesize species-specific exoskeletons inside cells under the control of cytoskeleton and microtubule center. Previous studies have been conducted with visualization center; however, its composition has not studied reliably established. In present study, several components MTOC in diatoms, GCP (gamma complex proteins), Aurora A, centrins identified. Analysis predicted amino acid sequences these proteins revealed structural features typical for diatoms. We analyzed conserved acids...

The growing aquaculture industry requires more feed resources and the development of alternative formulations to replace costly fishmeal. Given markedly large observed variability in composition gut microbiota among fish populations, it is assumed that diet can significantly influence bacterial communities salmonids. This effect should be taken into account because intestine known essential not only for effective assimilation food, but also functioning immune system fish. data presented...

Antigenic cartography is a tool for interpreting and visualizing antigenic differences between virus variants based on virus-neutralization data. This approach has been successfully used in influenza vaccine seed strain selection. With the emergence of SARS-CoV-2 escaping vaccine-induced antibody response, adjusting COVID-19 vaccines become essential. review provides information obtained by cartography. Moreover, it explores potential cartography-based methods, such as building landscapes...