Previous studies indicate that both electroencephalogram (EEG) spectral power (in particular the alpha and theta band) event-related potentials (ERPs) P300) can be used as a measure of mental work or memory load. We compare their ability to estimate workload level in well-controlled task. In addition, we combine types measures single classification model examine whether this results higher accuracy than either one alone. Participants watched sequence visually presented letters indicated not...

In this study, we investigated a Brain-Computer Interface (BCI) based on EEG responses to vibro-tactile stimuli around the waist. P300 BCIs tactile have advantage of not taxing visual or auditory system and being potentially unnoticeable other people. A BCI could be especially suitable for patients whose vision eye movements are impaired. Experiment 1, its feasibility effect number equally spaced tactors. Whereas large tactors is expected enhance amplitude since target will less frequent, it...

While studies exist that compare different physiological variables with respect to their association mental workload, it is still largely unclear which supply the best information about momentary workload of an individual and what benefit combining them. We investigated using n-back task, controlling for body movements visual input. recorded EEG, skin conductance, respiration, ECG, pupil size eye blinks 14 subjects. Various were extracted from these recordings used as features in...

A study was conducted to determine the levels and distributions of retinoids, retinol-binding protein (RBP), retinyl palmitate hydrolase (RPH), cellular (CRBP), retinoic acid-binding (CRABP) in different types isolated liver cells.Highly purified fractions parenchymal, fat-storing (stellate), endothelial, Kupffer cells were high yield from rat livers.The retinoid content each fraction measured by HPLC analysis.RBP, CRBP, CRABP sensitive specific radioimmunoassays, RPH activity a...

We here introduce a new experimental paradigm to induce mental stress in quick and easy way while adhering ethical standards controlling for potential confounds resulting from sensory input body movements. In our Sing-a-Song Stress Test, participants are presented with neutral messages on screen, interleaved 1-min time intervals. The final message is that the participant should sing song aloud after interval has elapsed. Participants sit still during whole procedure. found heart rate skin...

Human decision-making shows systematic simplifications and deviations from the tenets of rationality ('heuristics') that may lead to suboptimal decisional outcomes ('cognitive biases'). There are currently three prevailing theoretical perspectives on origin heuristics cognitive biases: a cognitive-psychological, an ecological evolutionary perspective. However, these mainly descriptive none them provides overall explanatory framework for underlying mechanisms biases. To enhance our...

People can be shown to use memorized location information move their hand a target if no visual is available. However, for several reasons, may imprecise and inaccurate. Here, we study whether what extent humans the remembered of an object plan reaching movements when visible. Subjects sequentially picked up moved two different virtual, "magnetic" objects from region into virtual trash bin with index fingers. In one third trials, perturbed position second by 1 cm while finger was...

Where exactly do people look when they grasp an object? An object is usually contacted at two locations, whereas the gaze can only be one location time. We investigated participants' fixation locations objects with contact positions of both index finger and thumb being visible compared these to viewed objects. Participants grasped top bottom a flat shape. The main difference between grasping viewing was that after saccade roughly directed object's center gravity, participants saccaded more...

Abstract The P300 event-related potential (ERP) can be used to infer whether an observer is looking at a target or not. Common practice in experiments and applications that observers are asked fixate their eyes while stimuli presented. We investigated the possibility differentiate between single nontarget fixations search task involving eye movements by using EEG epochs synchronized fixation onset (fixation-related potentials: FRPs). Participants systematically scanned displays consisting of...

Most studies on physiological effects of emotion-inducing images and sounds examine stimulus locked variables reflecting a state at most few seconds. We here aimed to induce longer lasting emotional states using blocks repetitive visual, auditory, bimodal stimuli corresponding specific valence arousal levels. The duration these enabled us reliably measure heart rate variability as possible indicator arousal. In addition, skin conductance were determined without taking timing into account....

Research on food experience is typically challenged by the way questions are worded. We therefore developed EmojiGrid: a graphical (language-independent) intuitive self-report tool to measure food-related valence and arousal. In first experiment participants rated arousing quality of 60 images, using either EmojiGrid or two independent visual analog scales (VAS). The ratings obtained with both tools strongly agree. However, arousal only agree for pleasant items, but not unpleasant ones....

We present CROCUFID: a CROss-CUltural Food Image Database that currently contains 840 images, including 479 food images with detailed metadata and 165 of non-food items. The database includes sweet, savory, natural, processed from Western Asian cuisines. To create sufficient variability in valence arousal we included different degrees appetitiveness (fresh, unfamiliar, molded or rotten, spoiled, partly consumed). used standardized photographing protocol, resulting high resolution depicting...

[3H]Cholesteryl ester-labelled human high-density lipoprotein (HDL) was injected into rats and its decay, intrahepatic cellular distribution the kinetics of biliary secretion were determined. At 10 min after injection hepatic uptake cholesteryl esters from HDL 3-fold higher as compared with apolipoprotein. Selective exerted only by parenchymal cells (5.6-fold more than apolipoprotein) not liver endothelial or Kupffer cells. The processed initially associated low-density (LDL) in unrestrained...

1. Rates of fluid endocytosis rat liver, spleen, hepatocytes and sinusoidal liver cells have been determined, by using 125I-labelled poly(vinylpyrrolidone) as marker. Poly(vinylpyrrolidone) was injected intravenously into rats, plasma clearance uptake spleen were estimated. From these data, rates 1.2 1.8 ml plasma/g protein per day calculated for respectively. Essentially the same results found in nephrectomized rats. 2. Hepatocytes separately isolated collagenase/Pronase method, further...