Mixed-effects multilevel models are often used to investigate cross-level interactions, a specific type of context effect that may be understood as an upper-level variable moderating the association between lower-level predictor and outcome. We argue involving interactions should always include random slopes on components those interactions. Failure do so will usually result in severely anti-conservative statistical inference. illustrate problem with extensive Monte Carlo simulations examine...

Does ethnic diversity erode social trust? Continued immigration and corresponding growing have prompted this essential question for modern societies, but few clear answers been reached in the sprawling literature. This article reviews literature on relationship between trust through a narrative review meta-analysis of 1,001 estimates from 87 studies. The clarifies core concepts, highlights pertinent debates, tests claims trust. Several results stand out meta-analysis. We find statistically...

Concerns about neighborhood erosion and conflict in ethnically diverse settings occupy scholars, policy makers, pundits alike; but the empirical evidence is inconclusive. This article proposes contested boundaries hypothesis as a refined contextual explanation focused on poorly defined between ethnic racial groups. The authors argue that more likely to occur at fuzzy interstitial or transitional areas sandwiched two homogeneous communities. Edge detection algorithms from computer vision...

Abstract Quantitative comparative social scientists have long worried about the performance of multilevel models when number upper-level units is small. Adding to these concerns, an influential Monte Carlo study by Stegmueller (2013) suggests that standard maximum-likelihood (ML) methods yield biased point estimates and severely anti-conservative inference with few units. In this article, authors seek rectify negative assessment. First, they show ML estimators coefficients are unbiased in...

Context effects, where a characteristic of an upper-level unit or cluster (e.g., country) affects outcomes and relationships at lower level that the individual), are primary object sociological inquiry. In recent years, sociologists have increasingly analyzed such effects using quantitative multilevel modeling. Our review studies in leading sociology journals shows most assume lower-level control variables to be invariant across clusters, assumption is often implausible. Comparing...

Abstract Social scientists have long emphasised the importance of personal inter-ethnic contact for overcoming prejudices and enhancing social cohesion in mixed societies. But why do some people more with their neighbours other ethnicity? Using new data from a large-scale German survey, I analyse brokering roles children partners explaining neighbourhood acquaintances. Even on contextual level, my results suggest that living regions larger shares acquaintances, which expands earlier findings...

Mixed effects multilevel models are often used to investigate cross-level interactions, a specific type of context effect that may be understood as an upper-level variable moderating the association between lower-level predictor and outcome. We argue involving interactions should always include random slopes on components those interactions. Failure do so will usually result in severely anti-conservative statistical inference. Monte Carlo simulations illustrative empirical analyses highlight...

This article adds an intergenerational perspective to the study of perceived ethnic discrimination. It proposes conjecture that discrimination tends increase with parental education, particularly among those children immigrants who have attained only mediocre levels education themselves. I discuss this may be developed as argument comes in two versions: a narrow version about explicit downward (intergenerational) mobility and wide unfulfilled aspirations more generally. Analyses based on...

Social science research has produced evidence of welfare chauvinism whereby citizens turn against social policies that disproportionately benefit immigrants and their descendants. Some policymakers advocate as a means to incentivize fast labour market integration assimilation into the mainstream more generally. These contested arguments about incentives can hardly be extended case hospital treatment an acute COVID-19 infection. On premise we conducted pre-registered online survey experiment...

Trust is highlighted as central to effective disease management. During the COVID-19 pandemic, Denmark seemed embody this understanding. Characterizing Danish response were high levels of public compliance with government regulations and restrictions coupled trust in other members society. In article, we first revisit prior claims about importance securing compliant citizen behaviour based on a weekly time-use survey that conducted during weeks pandemic (2 April-18 May 2020). Analysis...

Comparative political science has long worried about the performance of multilevel models when number upper-level units is small. Exacerbating these concerns, an influential Monte Carlo study by Stegmueller (2013) suggests that frequentist methods yield biased estimates and severely anti-conservative inference with small samples. recommends Bayesian techniques, which he claims to be superior in terms both bias inferential accuracy. In this paper, we reassess refute results. First, formally...

Urban research assigns immigrant enclaves an ambiguous role. While such areas are seen as rich in beneficial ethno-religious infrastructures and networks, they also tend to be located deprived stigmatised inner-city neighbourhoods. Research on neighbourhood attainment provides evidence for both, a desire attain mainstream middle-class neighbourhoods, which grows the more immigrants their descendants establish themselves society, but continuing attraction of residing close co-ethnics. To...

Abstract The “integration paradox” posits that seemingly well‐established immigrants and their descendants tend to report more discrimination compared marginalized peers. This study investigates one potential mechanism for this paradox, namely, the increasing awareness of group's enduring ethno‐racial minority status. Through a survey experiment with approximately 1000 randomly sampled in Germany, provides first causal evidence mechanism. Participants were assigned read either news article...

Abstract Why and under which conditions do people employ ethnic categories rather than others (such as age, class, gender, so on) to conceptually organize their social environment? This article analyses an open-ended question on who is seen responsible for neighbourhood problems taken from a recently conducted large-scale survey in Germany. By doing so, this study tries give novel insight native Germans' use of folk classifications aims identify contextual factors that might explain why...

Studies on ethnic diversity and social cohesion are predominantly cross-sectional. Relying longitudinal data from the German Socio-Economic Panel applying a differences-in-differences design, this paper investigates how event of moving to more or less diverse neighbourhood affects people’s opinions about immigration up. This design not only excludes reverse causality, but also renders unobserved heterogeneity very unlikely alternative explanation. We show that individuals who move...

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic resulted in several acute shortages of healthcare provision and thereby posed a challenge to solidarity among citizens welfare states. One example was the limited number vaccine batches at outset European COVID-19 vaccination campaigns. This rare constellation which faced both unifying collective threat but also scarcity resources that necessitated prioritization certain groups for an early vaccination. On premise, we conducted survey...

Zusammenfassung Dieser Beitrag untersucht, ob Menschen in einheimisch-homogenen Nachbarschaften, die an ethnisch-divers zusammengesetzte Nachbarschaften angrenzen oder von diesen sogar umgeben sind, besonders zu xenophoben Einstellungen neigen. Diese als „Halo“ (auf Deutsch „Ring“) bezeichnete sozial-räumliche Konstellation synthetisiert zwei prominente theoretische Ansätze zur Erklärung Xenophobie: Weil homogen-zusammengesetzte direkte Nachbarschaft kaum Möglichkeiten positivem...

Journal Article Income Advantages of Poorly Qualified Immigrant Minorities: Why School Dropouts Turkish Origin Earn More in Germany Get access Merlin Schaeffer, Schaeffer * 1 University Cologne, Institute Sociology and Social Psychology (ISS), 50931 Köln is Professor Demography Inequality at the Cologne. Previously he was a researcher WZB–Berlin Science Center. His research interests include (ethnic) stratification mobility, intergroup conflicts, methods. *Corresponding author. Email:...