Artificial reproduction involves collection and handling of gametes in a way that secures their quality maximizes the fertilization outcome. In addition to initial sperm quality, numerous steps can affect final result fertilization, from process until gamete mixing (or co-incubation) when spermatozoon enters or fuses with oocyte. this review, we summarize whole handling, for fish, penaeid shrimp, bivalve mollusks marine mammals. To obtain captive animals, techniques vary widely across taxa,...

Development to the blastocyst stage was assessed for oocytes obtained from prepubertal and adult sheep matured fertilized in vitro. The proportion of cleaved reaching significantly lower derived than those (7.4% 24.6% respectively). There were no differences metabolism glucose, glutamine or pyruvate between vivo vitro, glucose sheep. Glutamine by mature that Ultrastructural studies revealed morphology cytoplasmic organelles vitro sheep, but volume fraction size mitochondria cortical granules...

The reproductive endocrinology of the bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, was characterized to facilitate development artificial insemination using cryopreserved spermatozoa. Specific objectives were: (i) determine excretory dynamics urinary luteinizing hormone (LH) and ovarian steroid metabolites during estrous cycle; (ii) evaluate effect an exogenously administered synthetic progesterone analog (altrenogest) on excretion; (iii) correlate follicular growth ovulation (as determined by...

The effect of sex sorting and freeze–thawing on the viability fertility ram spermatozoa was investigated in present study. Non-sorted (control) frozen–thawed had a higher motility forwards progressive (FPM) than sorted (60.9 ± 2.9% v. 57.0 3.3% 4.0 0.1 3.5 FPM, respectively; P < 0.001) after incubation (6 h at 37°C). Sorted non-sorted similar acrosome integrity (73.7 1.8% 75.2 2.1%, respectively) thawing incubation. A greater proportion displayed chlortetracycline staining patterns that...

Research was conducted to develop sperm sorting and novel preservation methodologies for sex predetermination in the bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) using artificial insemination. In Study 1, effect of seminal plasma (SP), concentration freezing rate (FR) on vitro quality liquid-stored, non-sorted spermatozoa examined. There no (P > 0.05) prefreeze SP addition post-thaw (progressive motility, kinetic rating, motility index (SMI), viability acrosome integrity). Post-thaw parameters...

The reproductive physiology of the Pacific white-sided dolphin, Lagenorhynchus obliquidens , was characterized to facilitate development artificial insemination (AI) using cryopreserved spermatozoa. Specific objectives were to: 1) describe seasonality white sided dolphins; 2) urinary LH and ovarian steroid metabolites during estrous cycle; 3) correlate steroidal metabolite patterns ultrasound-monitored follicular growth ovulation; 4) assess efficacy synchronizing estrus, sperm...

Reproductive technologies, including sperm cryopreservation, offer conservationists enhanced capacity to genetically manage populations and improve the outcomes of conservation breeding programs (CBPs). Despite this potential, post-thaw quality amphibian is highly variable following research focused on protocol refinement needed. The aim study was twofold: (1) investigate effect addition bovine serum albumin (BSA) cryopreservation medium (pre-freeze), (2) caffeine activation (post-thaw),...

ABSTRACT A zoo‐based, 11‐year‐old, uniparous southern black rhinoceros ( Diceros bicornis minor) failed to conceive after weaning a calf. Behavioral observation and fecal progestagen monitoring confirmed irregular estrous cycles. Serial transrectal reproductive ultrasound examination revealed the cause be recurrent anovulatory hemorrhagic follicles (AHFs). After four consecutive abnormal cycles dominated by AHFs, rational hormone therapy was implemented. Injectable prostaglandins,...

Amphibians are currently experiencing the highest extinction rate of any vertebrate class. Gamete cryopreservation and biobanking genetic resources important conservation tools to safeguard diversity imperiled species. While amphibian oocytes/embryos have proven difficult cryopreserve, sperm has been achieved in a growing number species, though with variable post-thaw recovery. Oxidative stress is major cause cell damage during results compromised quality. Supplementation extenders...

The characteristics and functional capacity of ram spermatozoa frozen–thawed prior to after flow cytometric sorting was assessed incubation (37 °C; 6 h), in vitro fertilisation (IVF), transfer fresh vitrified produced embryos. Frozen-thawed from two rams were allocated four treatment groups: (i) non-sorted (Control); (ii) sorted (FS); (iii) then re-frozen (FSF) (iv) control (FCF). samples separated into X- Y-chromosome bearing using a high-speed sperm sorter density gradient centrifugation...

Data collected on life-history parameters of known-age animals from the northern (NR) and southern resident (SR) killer whales (Orcinus orca) eastern North Pacific were compared with traits located at SeaWorld (SEA) facilities. For captive-born SEA animals, mean age body length 1st estrus was 7.5 years 483.7cm, respectively. Estimated conception different (P < 0.001) for combined data both (NSR) free-ranging populations (12.1 years) to (9.8 years), as estimated observed calf (SEA: 11.1...

The fertilizing ability of sex-sorted frozen–thawed ram spermatozoa was assessed after insemination mature Merino ewes at a synchronized oestrus. Ewes were inseminated into the uterus or utero–tubal junction (UTJ) with total 140 × 106 unsorted (control) 2–4 sorted (X Y) 54�to 57 hours removal progestagen-impregnated pessaries and an injection 400 IU pregnant mare serum gonadotrophin (Folligon®, Intervet). separated X- Y-chromosome-bearing analysis modified high-speed cell sorter (SX MoFlo®)....

Longitudinal ultrasound and endocrine evaluations were conducted in two adult female Sumatran rhinoceroses (Dicerorhinus sumatrensis) over a period of 12-22 months to learn more about their reproductive physiology. Rectal ultrasonography was monitor ovarian activity. Blood samples collected analysed for progesterone LH, faecal progestin metabolites. One showed cyclic activity during the study period, whereas other no evidence The rhinoceros appeared be an induced ovulator, first its kind...

Research was conducted to develop an effective method for cryopreserving bottlenose dolphin (Tursiops truncatus) semen processed immediately after collection or 24-h liquid storage. In each of two experiments, four ejaculates were collected from three males. experiment 1, cryopreservation methods (CM1, CM2, and CM3), straw sizes (0.25 0.5 ml), thawing rates (slow, medium, fast) evaluated. Evaluations at collection, prefreeze, 0-, 3-, 6-h postthaw. A sperm motility index (SMI; total [TM] × %...