Abstract Continual reduction of landfill space along with rising CO 2 levels and environmental pollution, are global issues that will only grow time if not correctly addressed. The lack proper waste management infrastructure means gloablly commodity plastics disposed incorrectly, leading to both an economical loss destruction. bioaccumulation microplastics can already be seen in marine ecosystems causing a negative impact on all organisms live there, ultimately bioaccumulate humans....

In an effort to reduce the energy penalty and cost associated with state-of-the-art carbon capture technologies, a range of 2nd 3rd generation CO2 technologies are being developed. One these based on solid sorbents for gas separation in capture, has potential significantly avoid some problems current technologies. However realise this potential, two main developments required: new porous materials plant integration processes. This application note describes performance requirements...

A nickel-silica core@shell catalyst was applied for a methane tri-reforming process in fixed-bed reactor. To determine the optimal condition of production syngas appropriate methanol synthesis effect reaction temperature (550–750 °C), CH4:H2O molar ratio (1:0–3.0) and CH4:O2 (1:0–0.5) feedstock investigated. CH4 conversion rate H2/CO produced were influenced by composition. Increasing amount steam above proportion 1:0.5 reduced H2:CO to ∼1.5. oxygen partial pressure improved 90% at 750 °C....

Poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was degraded to methyl lactate (Me-La) by an imino monophenolate Zn(1)2 catalyst in the presence of tetrahydrofuran, as solvent, and methanol, protic source. As well solution-based polymerization degradation, stability assessed discussed. The chemical degradation four different commercial samples PLA, varying molecular weight, studied. effect PLA concentration (0.05–0.2 g mL–1), reaction temperature (40–130 °C), (4–16 wt %) on conversion, yield, selectivity were...

Steam gasification of biochars has emerged as a promising method for generating syngas that is rich in hydrogen. In this study four formed via intermediate pyrolysis (wood pellet, sewage sludge, rapeseed and miscanthus) were gasified quartz tubular reactor using steam. The dynamic behaviour the process effects temperature, steam flow particle size studied. results show increases both temperature significantly increase dry gas yield carbon conversion, but hydrogen volume fraction decreases at...

Steam reforming of methane from biogas at a small scale could potentially provide source hydrogen for applications such as electricity generation via fuel cells. The efficiency the process is dependent upon an effective catalyst and thus this work aimed to produce highly active which resistant deactivation. A nickel–silica core@shell was synthesized by deposition–precipitation method. characterized XRD, SEM, TPR infrared spectroscopy techniques. TEM analyses sections embedded in resin...

The use of a simple, cheap and effective organocatalyst, has been exploited for the transesterification/degradation commercial polymers.

We report a novel biochemical method based on the sacrificial hydrogen strategy to synthesize bimetallic gold (Au)–palladium (Pd) nanoparticles (NPs) with core/shell configuration. The ability of Escherichia coli cells supplied H 2 as electron donor rapidly precipitate Pd(II) ions from solution is used promote reduction soluble Au(III). Pre-coating Pd(0) (bioPd) dramatically accelerated Au(III) reduction, rate being dependent upon initial Pd loading by mass cells. Following addition,...

Precious metals supported on ferrimagnetic particles have a diverse range of uses in catalysis. However, fabrication using synthetic methods results potentially high environmental and economic costs. Here we show novel biotechnological route for the synthesis heterogeneous catalyst consisting reactive palladium nanoparticles arrayed nanoscale biomagnetite support. The magnetic support was synthesized at ambient temperature by Fe(III)-reducing bacterium, Geobacter sulfurreducens, facilitated...

Five gram negative and two positive bacterial strains known for their heavy metal tolerance or ability to reduce ions were coated with Pd(0) nanoparticles (NPs) via reduction of soluble Pd(II) under H2 following an initial uptake PdCl42- without added electron donor ('biosorption'), where the had a ~5-fold greater capacity Pd(II). Cupriavidis metallidurans accumulated exceptionally; possibility endogenous was not discounted. The rate subsequent H2-mediated correlated removed during...

Heavy oil and bitumen resources will need to be exploited supplement depleting conventional oils worldwide as they gradually approach their peak production in the forthcoming decades. However, physico-chemical characteristics of heavy include high density, low distillates fraction, viscosity, hetero-atom content which make extraction difficult relatively expensive. The Toe-to-Heel Air Injection (THAI) 'add-on' Catalytic upgrading process situ (CAPRI) were specifically developed for recovery...

Ultradispersed particles of a size less than 100 nm for in situ catalytic upgrading have been reported to outperform the augmented achieved by incorporating pelleted refinery catalyst horizontal production well toe-to-heel air injection (THAI) process. Hydroconversion heavy oil was carried out stirred batch reactor at 425 °C, 50 bar (initial H2 pressure), 900 rpm, and 60 min reaction time using range unsupported transition metal (Mo, Ni, Fe) catalysts. The effect nanoparticles (NPs)...

In response to the recent focus on reducing carbon dioxide emission, preparation and characterization of organically functionalized materials for use in capture have received considerable attention. this paper synthesis amine modified layered double hydroxides (LDHs) via an exfoliation grafting synthetic route is reported. The were characterized by elemental analysis (EA), powder x-ray diffraction (PXRD), diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier transform spectrometer (DRIFTS) thermogravimetric...

CAtalytic upgrading PRocess In-situ (CAPRI) incorporated with Toe-to-Heel Air Injection (THAI) for heavy oil and bitumen recovery was studied fixed-bed dispersed catalysts. The extent of evaluated in terms API gravity, viscosity reduction, impurity removal, true boiling point (TBP) distribution. test carried out using Co-Mo/Al2O3 at temperature 425 °C, pressure 20 bar, residence time 10 min. catalyst tested a batch reactor. However, the time, catalyst-to-oil (CTO) ratios as well Reynolds...

It has previously been shown that in situ upgrading of heavy oil by toe-to-heel air injection (THAI) can be augmented surrounding the horizontal production well with an annulus pelleted catalyst. Despite further achieved this configuration, accumulation coke and metals deposits on catalyst pore sites, resulting from cracking oil, have a detrimental effect activity, life span, process. An alternative contacting pattern between nanoparticulate catalysts was investigated study, to mitigate...

Early studies have focused on the synthesis of palladium nanoparticles within periplasmic layer or outer membrane

The incorporation of catalysts to enhance downhole upgrading in the Toe-to-Heel Air Injection (THAI) process is limited by deactivation due coking arising from cracking heavy oil. This study aims reduce catalyst problems that can occur with oils. Ultradispersed particles could potentially replace pelleted which may be difficult regenerate once deactivated during THAI operation. dispersed applied through, down-hole for situ studied was finely crushed Ni–Mo/Al2O3 (2.4 μm). product distribution...

With the continuous depletion of global oil reserves, unconventional alternative resources like heavy and bitumen have become increasingly attractive. This study investigates use bimetallic bio-nanoparticles (bio-NPs), a potential to commercial catalysts in upgrading. The bio-NPs were made by sequential reduction precious metal (Pd Pt) ions with hydrogen as electron donor at 5 wt% 20 loading using bacterial (Desulfovibrio desulfuricans Bacillus benzeovorans) cells support. characterized...

A series of ZnII complexes, based on propylenediamine Schiff bases, have been prepared and fully characterized. X-ray crystallography NMR spectroscopy identified significant differences in the solid solution state for species. All complexes applied to ring-opening polymerization l-lactide with emphasis industrial conditions. High conversion good molecular weight control were generally achievable Zn(A-D)2 , high-molecular-weight poly(lactic acid) (PLA) was 1 min at a 10 000:1:33...

The catalyzed methanolysis of end-of-life poly(lactic acid) (PLA) products by an ethylenediamine Zn(II) complex to form biodegradable methyl lactate was studied experimentally at 70, 90, and 110 °C. PLA samples consisted typical consumer waste materials, including a cup, toy, three-dimensional (3D) printing material. High selectivities yields (>94%) were possible depending on temperature reaction time. Additionally, develop predictive kinetic model, parameters (pre-exponential factor...