Kant argued that all experience is perceived through the lens of a priori concepts space and time. That is, Kantian philosophy supposes knowledge formatted in terms The current paper argues can be reduced to time thus only concept used format To build this framework, focuses on how humans discount when making intertemporal choices. Celebrated temporal discounting models, such as exponential hyperbolic are reviewed before arguing favor more ecologically motivated account suggests emerges from...

While motivation typically enhances memory, some studies show that, in certain contexts, associated with rewards can impair memory. Goal states impact attention, which turn influences what information is encoded and later remembered. There limited research on how different incentive manipulate attentional orientation to memoranda, lead either reward-motivated memory enhancements or impairments item relational Here, we test may narrow broaden attention downstream consequences memoranda. In...

The successor representation balances flexible and efficient reinforcement learning by to predict the future, given present. As such, models stimuli as what future states they lead to. Therefore, two that are perceptually dissimilar but same state will come be represented more similarly. This is very similar an older behavioral paradigm -the acquired equivalence paradigm, which measures generalization of learned associations. Here, we test, via computational modeling, plausibility mechanism...

Computational cognitive models offer powerful means for testing competing theoretical frameworks. The question of how one should choose the best among explanations data is a central focus scientific enterprise. success model versus another depends on robust methods guiding evaluation model’s ability to capture data, balanced with requirement parsimony. Several fruitful approaches comparison have been used in areas and mathematical psychology, focusing identifying balance fit complexity...

Computational cognitive models offer powerful means for testing competing theoretical frameworks. The question of how one should choose the best among explanations data is a central focus scientific enterprise. success model versus another depends on robust methods guiding evaluation model’s ability to capture data, balanced with requirement parsimony. Several fruitful approaches comparison have been used in areas and mathematical psychology, focusing identifying balance fit complexity...

As a domain of study centering on the nature body in functioning individual organism, embodiment encompasses diverse array topics and questions. One useful organizing framework places as bridge construct connecting three standpoints body: form body, actively engaged with world, lived experience. Through these standpoints, shows that they are not mutually exclusive: inherent is capacity for engagement, engagement perspective confers agency meaning. Here, we employ this to underscore deep...

This research investigated the ability of shadow analysis (via Courage + Khazaka Visioline and Image Pro Premiere 9.0 software) to accurately assess differences in skin topography associated with photo aging.Analyses were performed on impressions collected from a microfinish comparator scale (GAR Electroforming) as well series crow's feet region 9 women who represent each point Zerweck Crow's Feet classification scale. Analyses using VL 650 software.Shadow showed an measure groove depth when...

Introduction Generalization is fundamental to cognition. In acquired equivalence, two stimuli that share a common association become treated as equivalent, with information about one stimulus generalizing the other. Acquired equivalence has been thought rely on integrating related memories they are encoded, resulting in fast spontaneous generalization, but other studies suggested effortful on-demand recombination of initially separate at retrieval. Here, we tested whether tendency vs....

Introduction Categorization involves grouping information to make inferences and support novel decisions. In the laboratory, category learning tasks commonly involve trial-and-error where participants are instructed classify stimuli learn through feedback. Here, we tested across two experiments whether people can acquire knowledge in an incidental manner by associating members with other that itself is structured, how it compares acquiring directly feedback-based classification training....

The computational modeling of category learning is typically evaluated in terms the model's accuracy. For a model to accurately infer membership stimuli, it has have sufficient representational precision. Thus, many models representations that guide decision-making and fitness by its ability choose. Substantial research, however, indicates noise plays an important role. Specifically, noisy are assumed introduce element stochasticity decision-making. Noise can be minimized at cost cognitive...

<title>Abstract</title> People tend to choose immediate payouts over larger be made in the future. This is called temporal discounting. Substantial research has indicated that steeper discounting associated with reduced self-control and various mental disorders, making it a plausible transdiagnostic marker of disorders. Recently, novel theoretical framework accompanying computational model into question interpretation as lack self-control. Instead, this new suggests function uncertainty...

The use of naturalistic stimuli, such as narrative movies, is gaining popularity in many fields, characterizing memory, affect, and decision-making. Narrative recall paradigms are often used to capture the complexity richness memory for events. However, scoring recalls time-consuming prone human biases. Here, we show validity reliability using a natural language processing tool, Universal Sentence Encoder (USE), automatically score recall. We compared made between two independent raters...

The functional role of the entorhinal-hippocampal system has been a long withstanding mystery. One key theory that become most popular is represents space to facilitate navigation in one’s surroundings. In this Perspective article, I introduce novel idea undermines inherent uniqueness spatial information favor time driving activity. Specifically, by spatializing events occur succession (i.e., across time), critical for all types cognitive representations. back up argument with empirical...

Agency has been shown to facilitate episodic memory. However, most paradigms use simple list learning tasks which preclude the ability characterize more associative forms of memory, such as binding items into spatial and temporal context. Across two studies, we role agency on memory formation. We delineate agentive from passive encoding by allowing participants play an online text-based game meant simulate free exploration objects in different rooms, yoking each participant’s trajectory...

Coping with uncertainty is a ubiquitous challenge that all animals constantly face. Uncertainty makes choosing among options particularly difficult because are often unsure about the optimal, or “best”, option. This has led some to posit as being largely irrational; however, nature of means computing optimal decisions simply not possible for animals. Instead, evolved use heuristics make rapid useful. Recently, this been theorised be rational response ecological constraints on computational...

It is known that animals foraging in the wild must balance their levels of exploitation and exploration so as to maximize resource consumption. This usually manifests an area-restricted search strategy, such tend exploit environmental patches make long excursions between patches. optimal however, relies on underlying assumption: nearby locations yield similar resources . Here, we offer explanation how utilize this assumption, which implicitly involves generalization. We also describe...

Categorization involves grouping information to make inferences and support noveldecisions. In the laboratory, category training commonly trial-and-error whereparticipants are instructed classify stimuli learn through feedback. Here, wetested across two experiments whether people can acquire knowledge in anincidental manner by associating members with other that itself isstructured. Subjects were trained remember specific associations consisting ofcartoon animals paired animal-specific...

Introduction: Generalization is fundamental to cognition. In acquired equivalence, twostimuli that share a common association become treated as equivalent, with informationacquired about one stimulus generalizing the other. Acquired equivalence has beenthought rely on integrating related memories they are encoded, resulting in fastspontaneous generalization, but other studies suggested effortful on-demand recombinationof initially separate at retrieval. Here, we tested whether tendency...

Categorization involves grouping information to make inferences and support noveldecisions. In the laboratory, category training commonly trial-and-error whereparticipants are instructed classify stimuli learn through feedback. Here, wetested across two experiments whether people can acquire knowledge in anincidental manner by associating members with other that itself isstructured. Subjects were trained remember specific associations consisting ofcartoon animals paired animal-specific...