Biochar, the solid residual remaining after thermochemical transformation of biomass for carbon sequestration, has been proposed to be used as a soil amendment, because its agronomic benefits. The effect amending with six biochars made from different feedstocks on sorption and leaching fluometuron 4-chloro-2-methylphenoxyacetic acid (MCPA) was compared other sorbents: an activated carbon, Ca-rich Arizona montmorillonite modified hexadecyltrimethylammonium organic cation (SA-HDTMA),...

Sorption of four herbicides and a metabolite indaziflam on fresh macadamia nut biochar biochars aged one or two years in soil was characterized. On biochar, the sorption terbuthylazine (Kd = 595) > 162) MCPA 7.5) fluoroethyldiaminotriazine 0.26) nicosulfuron 0). Biochar surface area increased with aging attributed to loss film. This also manifested decline water extractable organic carbon aging. Correspondingly, an increase aromaticity observed. The higher porosity (KdBC-2yr 237) (KdBC-1yr...

Sorption−desorption of imidacloprid [1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine] and metabolites 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2-imidazolidinone (imidacloprid−urea), 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-4,5-dihydro-1H-imidazol-2-amine (imidacloprid−guanidine), 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-1H-imidazol-2-amine (imidacloprid−guanidine−olefin) in three soils was determined using the batch equilibration technique with initial concentrations for four chemicals ranging from...

It has been assessed the influence of four organic amendments (OA) consisting two commercial humic (liquid LF and solid SF) from olive-mill wastes, a urban waste (SUW), sewage sludge (SS) on sorption properties leaching potential simazine 2,4-D. A sandy soil (TR) sandy-clay with relatively high montmorillonite content (A) were treated diverse OA. Dissolved matter (DOM) was extracted amendments, soils, amended soils studied by fluorescence spectroscopy. humification index (HIX) calculated...

Abstract Soil clay mineral and organic components have been shown to be responsible for sorption of many pesticides. This study assessed the influence different fraction five soils model sorbents (montmorillonite, Fe oxide, humic acid) their binary ternary associations on insecticide imidacloprid (1‐[(6‐chloro‐3‐pyridinyl)‐methyl]‐ N ‐nitro‐2‐imidazoli‐dinimine). Sorption was very high a containing content low‐laminar‐charge montmorillonite relatively C content. When matter soil clays...

Binary and ternary model particles containing montmorillonite, ferrihydrite, humic acid (HA) were used to determine the changes in sorption behavior of herbicide 2,4-D (2,4-dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) upon interassociation these three major soil constituents. On single sorbents, was high with S-type isotherms on moderate L-type HA, zero montmorillonite. In binary ferrihydrite coatings montmorillonite provided sites for 2,4-D, although exclusion anionic form from highly charged clay surfaces...

Organic amendment (OA) addition is an agricultural practice that can greatly affect pesticide behavior in soil. The influence of three OAs, consisting a liquid (LOA), solid (SOA) humic amendment, and urban waste (SUW), on sorption, persistence, leaching potential simazine (2‐chloro‐4,6‐bis (ethylamino)‐s‐triazine) 2,4‐D (2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid) sandy soil (P2) has been investigated. OAs were added to P2 at rate 5% (w/w). Sorption was studied using the batch equilibration technique,...

Summary Diuron ( N ′‐[3,4‐dichlorophenyl]‐ N,N ‐dimethylurea) is one of the most frequently used herbicides in olive groves Spain and other Mediterranean countries. The main objective this work was to investigate effect dissolved organic carbon (DOC) from a commercial humic amendment, derived by composting liquid waste olive‐mill process (LF), solid residue oil production industry (AL) on sorption leaching behaviour diuron soil. For purpose, clay sandy soil were selected. Soil coefficients...

The addition of organic amendments to soil increases matter content and stimulates microbial activity. Thus, processes affecting herbicide fate in the should be affected. objective this work was investigate effect olive oil production industry waste (alperujo) on sorption−desorption, degradation, leaching diuron [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea] terbuthylazine [N2-tert-butyl-6-chloro-N4-ethyl-1,3,5-triazine-2,4-diamine], two herbicides widely used crops. soils study were a sandy...

Metolachlor (2-chloro-6'-ethyl-N-(2-methoxy-1-methylethyl)aceto-o-toluidide) is a pre-emergent chloroacetanilide herbicide used to control broadleaf and annual grassy weeds in variety of crops. The S enantiomer, S-metolachlor, the most effective form for weed control. Although degradation metolachlor soils thought occur primarily by microbial activity, little known about microorganisms that carry out this process mechanisms which occurs. This study examined silty-clay soil (a Luvisol) from...

Biochar (BC), solid biomass subjected to pyrolysis, can alter the fate of pesticides in soil. We investigated effect soil amendment with several biochars on efficacy two herbicides, clomazone (CMZ) and bispyribac sodium (BYP). To this aim, we evaluated CMZ BYP sorption, persistence, leaching biochar-amended Sorption was greater amended BC produced at high temperature (700 °C). Significant sorption neutral herbicide also occurred prepared low (350 500 For both desorption possessed higher...

Activation treatments are often used as a means of increasing biochar’s sorption capacity for agrochemical compounds but can also provide valuable insight into mechanisms. This work investigates the effects H2O2 activation on low-temperature (350 °C) grape wood biochar, evaluates subsequent changes to removal efficiency (RE) cyhalofop and clomazone, elucidates potential by decreased biochar pH, ash content, C content. Additionally, O content surface area increased following activation,...

Addition of organic amendments such as biochar to soils can influence pesticide sorption–desorption processes and, in turn, the amount readily availability for transport and biodegradation. Sorption–desorption are affected by both physical chemical properties pesticides, well soil–pesticide contact time, or aging. Changes metolachlor with aging soil amended three macadamia nut shell biochars aged 0 (BCmac-fr), 1 year (BCmac-1yr), 2 years (BCmac-2yr) two wood (BCwood-fr) 5 (BCwood-5yr) were...

Abstract Changes in sorption of the insecticide imidacloprid (1‐[(6‐chloro‐3‐pyridinyl)‐methyl]‐ N ‐nitro‐2‐imidazolidinimine) with aging three soils have been determined. Soil moisture was adjusted to −33 kPa and 14 C‐ analytical‐grade added soil at a rate 1.0 mg kg −1 . Imidacloprid‐spiked were incubated 25°C for 16 wk. Replicate samples periodically extracted successively 0.01 M CaCl 2 , acetonitrile, 1 HCI. Sorption, as indicated by coefficient ( K d ) values, highest organic C content,...

The herbicide isoproturon was degraded rapidly in a sandy loam soil under laboratory conditions (incubation temperature, 15°C; moisture potential, -33 kPa). Degradation inhibited following treatment of the with antibiotic chloramphenicol, but unaffected by cycloheximide, thus indicating an involvement bacteria. Rapid degradation not observed other phenylurea herbicides, such as diuron, linuron, monuron or metoxuron incubated same experimental conditions. Three successive applications to ten...

Sorption−desorption is one of the most important processes affecting leaching pesticides through soil because it controls amount pesticide available for transport. Subsurface properties can significantly affect transport and potential groundwater contamination. This research characterized sorption−desorption imidacloprid (1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)-methyl]-N-nitro-2-imidazolidinimine) three its metabolites, 1-[(6-chloro-3-pyridinyl)methyl]-2-imidazolidinone (imidacloprid−urea),...