A5069618649- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Regulation of Appetite and Obesity
- Dietary Effects on Health
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Birth, Development, and Health
- Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Physical Activity and Health
- Genetics, Aging, and Longevity in Model Organisms
- Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Biochemical Analysis and Sensing Techniques
- Eating Disorders and Behaviors
- Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
- Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Exercise and Physiological Responses
- Obesity and Health Practices
- Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
2016-2025
Louisiana State University
2014-2025
Biomedical Research Foundation
2024
Vanderbilt University Medical Center
2024
Louisiana State University System
2012-2023
University of Alabama at Birmingham
2005-2023
Baton Rouge Clinic
2007-2023
Washington University in St. Louis
1994-2022
Committee on Publication Ethics
2015-2021
Ministry of Health and Quality of Life
2021
Ghrelin is a novel endogenous natural ligand for the growth hormone (GH) secretagogue receptor that has recently been isolated from rat stomach. administration stimulates GH secretion but also causes weight gain by increasing food intake and reducing fat utilization in rodents. To investigate possible involvement of ghrelin pathogenesis human obesity, we measured body composition (by dual X-ray absorption) as well fasting plasma concentrations (radioimmunoassay) 15 Caucasians (8 men 7 women,...
The relative roles of obesity, insulin resistance, secretory dysfunction, and excess hepatic glucose production in the development non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) are controversial. We conducted a prospective study to determine which these factors predicted disease group Pima Indians.
The contribution of reduced energy expenditure to the development obesity has been a point controversy. We measured 24-hour (adjusted for body composition, age, and sex), in respiratory chamber, 95 southwestern American Indians. Energy correlated with rate change weight over two-year follow-up period (r = -0.39, P<0.001). estimated risk gaining more than 7.5 kg was increased fourfold persons low adjusted (200 kcal per day below predicted values) as compared high above values; P<0.01). In...
Daily human energy requirements calculated from separate components of expenditure are inaccurate and usually in poor agreement with measured intakes. Measurement over periods 24 h or longer is needed to determine more accurately rates daily humans. We provide a detailed description respiratory chamber methods used 24-h 177 subjects. The results show that: fat-free mass (FFM) as estimated by densitometry the best available determinant expenditures (24EE) explains 81% variance observed...
ContextProlonged calorie restriction increases life span in rodents. Whether prolonged affects biomarkers of longevity or markers oxidative stress, reduces metabolic rate beyond that expected from reduced mass, has not been investigated humans.ObjectiveTo examine the effects 6 months restriction, with without exercise, overweight, nonobese (body mass index, 25 to <30) men and women.Design, Setting, ParticipantsRandomized controlled trial healthy, sedentary women (N = 48) conducted between...
Energy expenditure varies among people, independent of body size and composition, persons with a "low" metabolic rate seem to be at higher risk gaining weight. To assess the importance skeletal muscle metabolism as determinant rate, 24-h energy expenditure, basal (BMR), sleeping (SMR) were measured by indirect calorimetry in 14 subjects (7 males, 7 females; 30 +/- 6 yr [mean SD]; 79.1 17.3 kg; 22 7% fat), compared forearm oxygen uptake. Values adjusted for individual differences fat-free...
Background Caloric restriction without malnutrition extends life span in a range of organisms including insects and mammals lowers free radical production by the mitochondria. However, mechanism responsible for this adaptation are poorly understood. Methods Findings The current study was undertaken to examine muscle mitochondrial bioenergetics response caloric alone or combination with exercise 36 young (36.8 ± 1.0 y), overweight (body mass index, 27.8 0.7 kg/m2) individuals randomized into...
Reduced oxidation of fat leading to a positive balance could be factor in the development obesity. Twenty-four-hour respiratory quotient (RQ) was measured 152 nondiabetic Pima Indians fed weight-maintenance diet [87 males and 65 females; 27 +/- 6 yr (mean SD); 93.9 22.9 kg; 32 9% fat]. RQ varied from 0.799 0.903. Prior change body weight, 24-h energy balance, sex, percent explained 18% variance (P less than 0.001). In subgroup 66 siblings 28 families, family membership 28% remaining 0.05)....
To further validate the doubly labeled water method for measurement of CO2 production and energy expenditure in humans, we compared it with near-continuous respiratory gas exchange nine healthy young adult males. Subjects were housed a chamber 4 days. Each received 2H2(18)O at either low (n = 6) or moderate 3) isotope dose. Low doses produced initial 2H enrichments 5 10 X 10(-3) atom percent excess, respectively, 18O 2 2.5 10(-2) respectively. Total body was calculated from dilution saliva...
The central role of the hypothalamus in origination and/or processing feeding-related stimuli may be modulated by activity other functional areas brain including insular cortex (involved enteroceptive monitoring) and prefrontal inhibition inappropriate response tendencies). Regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF), a marker neuronal activity, was measured 11 healthy, normal-weight men using positron emission tomography state hunger (after 36-h fast) satiation liquid meal). Hunger associated with...
Alternate-day fasting has become increasingly popular, yet, to date, no long-term randomized clinical trials have evaluated its efficacy.To compare the effects of alternate-day vs daily calorie restriction on weight loss, maintenance, and risk indicators for cardiovascular disease.A single-center trial obese adults (18 64 years age; mean body mass index, 34) was conducted between October 1, 2011, January 15, 2015, at an academic institution in Chicago, Illinois.Participants were 1 3 groups...
To develop a new geometrical index that combines height, waist circumference (WC), and hip (HC) relate this to total visceral body fat.Subject data were pooled from three databases contained demographic, anthropometric, dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) measured fat mass, magnetic resonance imaging adipose tissue (VAT) volume. Two elliptical models of the human developed. Body roundness was calculated model using well-established constant arising theory. Regression based on eccentricity...
The purpose of this study was to examine sex and race differences in the relationship between anthropometric measurements adiposity white African‐American (AA) adults. Visceral adipose tissue (VAT) subcutaneous (SAT) areas were measured with computed tomography (CT). Fat mass (FM) dual‐energy‐X‐ray absorptiometry (DXA). Correlation coefficients used assess waist circumference (WC) BMI VAT, SAT, FM within sex‐by‐race groups. General linear models compare relationships WC or BMI, across race,...
Time-restricted feeding (TRF) is a form of intermittent fasting that involves having longer daily period. Preliminary studies report TRF improves cardiometabolic health in rodents and humans. Here, we performed the first study to determine how affects gene expression, circulating hormones, diurnal patterns risk factors Eleven overweight adults participated 4-day randomized crossover where they ate between 8 am 2 pm (early (eTRF)) (control schedule). Participants underwent continuous glucose...
OBJECTIVE—The purpose of this article was to determine the relationships among total body fat, visceral adipose tissue (VAT), fat cell size (FCS), ectopic deposition in liver (intrahepatic lipid [IHL]) and muscle (intramyocellular [IMCL]), insulin sensitivity index (Si) healthy overweight, glucose-tolerant subjects effects calorie restriction by diet alone or conjunction with exercise on these variables. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—Forty-eight overweight volunteers were randomly assigned...
Although major research efforts have focused on how specific components of foodstuffs affect health, relatively little is known about a more fundamental aspect diet, the frequency and circadian timing meals, potential benefits intermittent periods with no or very low energy intakes. The most common eating pattern in modern societies, three meals plus snacks every day, abnormal from an evolutionary perspective. Emerging findings studies animal models human subjects suggest that restriction as...