A5079561375- Diet and metabolism studies
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Sports Performance and Training
- Fatty Acid Research and Health
- Dietary Effects on Health
- Thermoregulation and physiological responses
- Physical Activity and Health
- Pancreatitis Pathology and Treatment
- Gut microbiota and health
- Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Lipid metabolism and disorders
- Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Bariatric Surgery and Outcomes
- Metabolomics and Mass Spectrometry Studies
- Helicobacter pylori-related gastroenterology studies
- Occupational Health and Performance
- Obesity and Health Practices
- Diet, Metabolism, and Disease
Translational Research Institute for Metabolism and Diabetes
2019-2025
AdventHealth Orlando
2019-2025
University of Pittsburgh
2013-2024
Pennington Biomedical Research Center
2003-2018
Orlando Health
2018
University of Pittsburgh Medical Center
2015
Maastricht University
2009-2010
Children's Nutrition Research Center at Baylor College of Medicine
2009-2010
Deakin University
2009-2010
Auckland University of Technology
2009-2010
ContextProlonged calorie restriction increases life span in rodents. Whether prolonged affects biomarkers of longevity or markers oxidative stress, reduces metabolic rate beyond that expected from reduced mass, has not been investigated humans.ObjectiveTo examine the effects 6 months restriction, with without exercise, overweight, nonobese (body mass index, 25 to <30) men and women.Design, Setting, ParticipantsRandomized controlled trial healthy, sedentary women (N = 48) conducted between...
Rates of colon cancer are much higher in African Americans (65:100,000) than rural South Africans (<5:100,000). The rates associated with animal protein and fat, lower fibre consumption, colonic secondary bile acids, short-chain fatty acid quantities mucosal proliferative biomarkers risk otherwise healthy middle-aged volunteers. Here we investigate further the role fat this association. We performed 2-week food exchanges subjects from same populations, where were fed a high-fibre, low-fat...
Dysregulation of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is recognized as important in the pathophysiology obesity and insulin resistance (IR). However, demonstrating FAO defects vivo humans has entailed complex invasive methodologies. Recently, identification genetic blocks been vastly simplified by using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) dried bloodspots to specify acylcarnitine (AcylCN) alterations characteristic for each disorder. This technology recently applied examine human animal models type 2...
The prevalence of severe obesity is increasing markedly, as comorbid conditions such hypertension and type 2 diabetes mellitus; however, apart from bariatric surgery pharmacotherapy, few clinical trials have evaluated the treatment obesity.To determine efficacy a weight loss physical activity intervention on adverse health risks obesity.Single-blind randomized trial conducted February 2007 through April 2010 at University Pittsburgh. Participants were 130 (37% African American) severely...
Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is a naturally occurring group of dienoic derivatives found in the fat beef and other ruminants. CLA reported to have effects on both tumor development body animal models. To further characterize metabolic CLA, male AKR/J mice were fed high-fat (45 kcal%) or low-fat (15 diet with without (2.46 mg/kcal; 1.2 1.0% by weight high- diets, respectively) for 6 wk. significantly reduced energy intake, growth rate, adipose depot weight, carcass lipid protein content...
Recent reports have demonstrated that conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) has effects on body fat accumulation. In our previous work, CLA reduced accumulation in mice fed either a high-fat or low-fat diet. Although feeding energy intake, the results suggested some of metabolic were not consequence food intake. We therefore undertook study to determine dose would composition without affecting Five doses (0.0, 0.25, 0.50, 0.75, and 1.0% by weight) studied AKR/J male ( n = 12/group; age, 39 days)...
Obesity increases the risk of adverse outcomes during acute critical illnesses such as burns, severe trauma, and pancreatitis. Although individuals with more body fat higher serum cytokines lipase are likely to experience problems, roles that these characteristics play not clear. We used pancreatitis a representative disease investigate effects obesity on local organ function systemic processes. In obese humans, we found an increase in volume intrapancreatic adipocytes was associated...
Questions remain about the role and durability of bariatric surgery for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).To compare remission T2DM following surgical nonsurgical treatments.In this 3-arm randomized clinical trial conducted at University Pittsburgh Medical Center from October 1, 2009, to June 26, 2014, in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, outcomes were assessed 3 years after treating 61 obese participants aged 25 55 with T2DM. Analysis was an intent-to-treat population.Participants either intensive...
Background Metabolic and behavioral adaptations to caloric restriction (CR) in free-living conditions have not yet been objectively measured. Methodology Principal Findings Forty-eight (36.8±1.0 y), overweight (BMI 27.8±0.7 kg/m2) participants were randomized four groups for 6-months; Control: energy intake at 100% of requirements; CR: 25% calorie restriction; CR+EX: 12.5% CR plus increase expenditure by structured exercise; LCD: low diet (890 kcal/d) until 15% weight reduction followed...
Abstract Objective : To assess the accuracy of body composition measurements by air displacement plethysmography and bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) compared with DXA during weight loss. Research Methods Procedures Fifty‐six healthy but overweight participants, 34 women 22 men (age, 52 ± 8.6 years; weight, 92.2 11.6 kg; BMI, 33.3 2.9 kg/m 2 ) were studied in an outpatient setting before after 6 months loss (weight loss, 5.6 5.5 kg). Subjects excluded if they had initiated a new drug...
OBJECTIVE— Reduced mitochondrial capacity in skeletal muscle occurs type 2 diabetic patients and those at increased risk for this disorder, but the extent to which dysfunction is remediable by physical activity weight loss intervention uncertain. We sought address whether an of daily moderate-intensity exercise combined with moderate can increase content relationship amelioration insulin resistance hyperglycemia. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS— Muscle biopsies were obtained before after a...
Abstract Context Questions remain about bariatric surgery for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) treatment. Objective Compare the remission of T2DM following surgical or nonsurgical treatments. Design, setting, and participants Randomized controlled trial at University Pittsburgh, in United States. Five-year follow-up from February 2015 until June 2016. Interventions 61 with obesity who were initially randomized to either treatments (Roux-en-Y gastric bypass [RYGB] laparoscopic adjustable...
In 1992, the authors studied Helicobacter pylori infection and exposures relevant to person-to-person, waterborne, foodborne, zoonotic transmission in a census sample of 684 2-9-year-old children Aldana, Nariño, rural community Colombian Andes. H. prevalence, as determined by 13C-urea breath test, was 69%, prevalence increased from 53% 2 year-olds 87% 9 year-olds. Beginning at 3 years age, higher percentage males compared with females were infected. Odds ratios estimated multivariate...
Diets high in total and saturated fat are associated with insulin resistance. This study examined the effects of feeding monounsaturated, saturated, trans fatty acids on action healthy adults.A randomized, double-blind, crossover was conducted comparing three controlled 4-week diets (57% carbohydrate, 28% fat, 15% protein) enriched different 25 men women. The monounsaturated diet (M) had 9% energy as C18:1cis (oleic acid). (S) palmitic acid, acid (T) C18:1trans. Body weight kept constant...
Abstract Objective: It is unclear if resting metabolic rate (RMR) and spontaneous physical activity (SPA) decrease in weight‐reduced non‐obese participants. Additionally, it unknown changes SPA, measured a respiratory chamber, reflect free‐living level (PAL). Research Methods Procedures: Participants ( N = 48) were randomized into 4 groups for 6 months: calorie restriction (CR, 25% restriction), CR plus structured exercise (CR+EX, 12.5% increased energy expenditure via exercise), low‐calorie...
Studies of adipogenic protein induction have led to a new appreciation the role adipose tissue as an endocrine organ. Adipocyte-derived "adipokines" such adiponectin, leptin, and visceral tissue-derived serine protease inhibitor (vaspin) exert hormone-like activities at systemic level. In this study, we examined secretome primary cultures human subcutaneous adipose-derived stem cells in vitro model adipogenesis. Conditioned media obtained from four individual female donors after culture...