A5034800273- Adipose Tissue and Metabolism
- Diet and metabolism studies
- Muscle metabolism and nutrition
- Metabolism, Diabetes, and Cancer
- Diabetes Treatment and Management
- Pancreatic function and diabetes
- Diabetes Management and Research
- Adipokines, Inflammation, and Metabolic Diseases
- Diabetes, Cardiovascular Risks, and Lipoproteins
- Body Composition Measurement Techniques
- Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment
- Cardiovascular Disease and Adiposity
- Pharmacology and Obesity Treatment
- Nutrition and Health in Aging
- Obesity, Physical Activity, Diet
- Advanced MRI Techniques and Applications
- Cardiovascular and exercise physiology
- Mitochondrial Function and Pathology
- Cardiovascular Function and Risk Factors
- Nutritional Studies and Diet
- Medical Imaging Techniques and Applications
- Peroxisome Proliferator-Activated Receptors
- Lipid metabolism and biosynthesis
- Metabolism and Genetic Disorders
- Monetary Policy and Economic Impact
Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (United States)
2013-2025
Orlando Health
2024
Federal Reserve Bank of New York
2022
University of Pittsburgh
2007-2020
Federal Reserve Bank of Chicago
2018-2020
Massanutten Regional Library
2017-2019
Indiana University
2019
Children's of Alabama
2018
Washington University in St. Louis
2007-2017
Northeast Ohio Medical University
2017
Skeletal muscle is strongly dependent on oxidative phosphorylation for energy production. Because the insulin resistance of skeletal in type 2 diabetes and obesity entails dysregulation oxidation both carbohydrate lipid fuels, current study was undertaken to examine potential contribution perturbation mitochondrial function. Vastus lateralis obtained by percutaneous biopsy during fasting conditions from lean (n = 10) obese nondiabetic volunteers with 10). The activity rotenone-sensitive...
OBJECTIVE—The effectiveness of intentional weight loss in reducing cardiovascular disease (CVD) events type 2 diabetes is unknown. This report describes 1-year changes CVD risk factors a trial designed to examine the long-term effects an intensive lifestyle intervention on incidence major events. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—This study consisted multicentered, randomized, controlled 5,145 individuals with diabetes, aged 45–74 years, BMI >25 kg/m2 (>27 if taking insulin). An...
In Brief Objective: To evaluate pre- and postoperative clinical parameters associated with improvement of diabetes up to 4 years after laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGBP) in patients type 2 mellitus (T2DM). Summary Background Data: The surgical treatment morbid obesity leads dramatic the comorbidity status most T2DM. However, little is known concerning what preoperative factors are long-term morbidly obese patient diabetes. Methods: We evaluated data, including demographics,...
Although loss of muscle mass is considered a cause diminished strength with aging, little known regarding whether composition aging affects strength. The skeletal attenuation coefficient, as determined by computed tomography, noninvasive measure density, and lower values reflect increased lipid content. This investigation examined the hypothesis that for are associated voluntary isokinetic knee extensor at 60°/s in 2,627 men women aged 70–79 yr participating baseline studies Health ABC...
We examined the hypothesis that an excess accumulation of intramuscular lipid (IMCL) is associated with insulin resistance and this may be mediated by oxidative capacity muscle. Nine sedentary lean (L) 11 obese (O) subjects, 8 subjects type 2 diabetes mellitus (D), 9 lean, exercise-trained (T) volunteered for study. Insulin sensitivity (M) determined during a hyperinsulinemic (40 mU·m−2min−1) euglycemic clamp was greater (P < 0.01) in L T, compared O D (9.45 ± 0.59 10.26 0.78 vs. 5.51...
The current study was undertaken to investigate fatty acid metabolism by skeletal muscle examine potential mechanisms that could lead increased triglyceride in obesity. Sixteen lean and 40 obese research volunteers had leg balance measurement of glucose free (FFA) uptake (fractional extraction [9,10 (3)H]oleate) indirect calorimetry across the determine substrate oxidation during fasting insulin-stimulated conditions. Muscle obtained percutaneous biopsy lower carnitine palmitoyl transferase...
Whether visceral adipose tissue has a uniquely powerful association with insulin resistance or whether subcutaneous abdominal fat shares this link generated controversy in the area of body composition and sensitivity. An additional issue is potential role deposition within skeletal muscle relationship resistance. To address these matters, current study was undertaken to measure composition, aerobic fitness, sensitivity cohort sedentary healthy men (n = 26) women 28). The subjects, who ranged...
The purpose of this investigation was to validate that in vivo measurement skeletal muscle attenuation (MA) with computed tomography (CT) is associated lipid content. Single-slice CT scans performed on phantoms varying concentrations revealed good concordance between and concentration ( r 2 = 0.995); increasing the phantom's by 1 g/100 ml decreased its ∼1 Hounsfield unit (HU). test-retest coefficient variation for two six volunteers 0.51% midthigh 0.85% midcalf, indicating methodological...
The current study addresses a novel hypothesis of subcellular distribution mitochondrial dysfunction in skeletal muscle type 2 diabetes. Vastus lateralis was obtained by percutaneous biopsy from 11 volunteers with diabetes; 12 age-, sex-, and weight-matched obese sedentary nondiabetic volunteers; 8 lean volunteers. Subsarcolemmal intermyofibrillar fractions were isolated differential centrifugation digestion techniques. Overall electron transport chain activity similar diabetic subjects, but...
OBJECTIVE Obesity is an important risk factor for type 2 diabetes. Weight loss in patients with diabetes associated improved glycemic control and reduced cardiovascular disease factors, but weight notably difficult to achieve sustain caloric restriction exercise. The purpose of this study was assess the impact treatment orlistat, a pancreatic lipase inhibitor, on loss, control, serum lipid levels obese sulfonylurea medications. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS In multicenter 57-week randomized...
OBJECTIVE—We examined whether regional adipose tissue distribution, specifically that of skeletal muscle fat and visceral abdominal aggregation, is characteristic elderly individuals with hyperinsulinemia, type 2 diabetes, impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS—A total 2,964 men women (mean age 73.6 years) were recruited for cross-sectional comparisons diabetes or tolerance, generalized obesity dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, body distribution computed tomography....
Insulin resistance and impaired insulin secretion both occur in non-insulin-dependent diabetes (NIDDM), but their relative importance is unclear. Hyperglycemia itself has adverse effects on tissue sensitivity that make it difficult to distinguish between primary secondary abnormalities. To avoid this problem we studied subjects with postprandial glucose intolerance not sustained hyperglycemia.
Dysregulation of fatty acid oxidation (FAO) is recognized as important in the pathophysiology obesity and insulin resistance (IR). However, demonstrating FAO defects vivo humans has entailed complex invasive methodologies. Recently, identification genetic blocks been vastly simplified by using tandem mass spectrometry (MS/MS) dried bloodspots to specify acylcarnitine (AcylCN) alterations characteristic for each disorder. This technology recently applied examine human animal models type 2...
OBJECTIVE To assess the risk factors for presence and severity of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) among obese patients with type 2 diabetes. RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Unattended polysomnography was performed in 306 participants. RESULTS Over 86% participants had OSA an apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥5 events/h. The mean AHI 20.5 ± 16.8 A total 30.5% moderate (15 ≤ <30), 22.6% severe (AHI ≥30). Waist circumference (odds ratio 1.1; 95% CI 1.0–1.1; P = 0.03) significantly related to OSA....
Whereas truncal (central) adiposity is strongly associated with the insulin resistant metabolic syndrome, it uncertain whether this accounted for principally by visceral (VAT). Several recent studies find as strong or stronger association between subcutaneous abdominal (SAT) and resistance. To reexamine issue of adipose tissue depots, we performed cross-sectional computed tomography, undertook novel approach partitioning SAT into plane superficial to fascia within (superficial SAT) that...
In obesity and type 2 diabetes, skeletal muscle has been observed to have a reduced oxidative enzyme activity, increased glycolytic lipid content. These metabolic characteristics are related insulin resistance of factors potentially fiber type. The current study was undertaken examine the interactions in relation content obese diabetic subjects compared with lean healthy volunteers. method single-fiber analysis used on vastus lateralis obtained by percutaneous biopsy from 22 lean, 20 obese,...
A number of biochemical defects have been identified in glucose metabolism within skeletal muscle obesity, and positive effects weight loss on insulin resistance are also well established. Less is known about the capacity for fatty acids obesity-related loss, though it evident that contains increased triglyceride. The current study was therefore undertaken to profile markers human acid relation phenotype insulin-resistant metabolism, examine loss. Fifty-five men women, lean obese, with...
This study was undertaken to assess utilization of FFA by skeletal muscle in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM). 11 NIDDM and 9 nondiabetic subjects were studied using leg balance methods measure the fractional extraction [3H]oleate. Limb indirect calorimetry used estimate RQ. Percutaneous biopsy samples vastus lateralis analyzed for fiber type distribution, capillary density, metabolic potential as reflected measurements activity seven enzyme markers glycolytic...
The mechanism by which FFA metabolism inhibits intracellular insulin-mediated muscle glucose in normal humans is unknown. We used the leg balance technique with biopsies to determine how experimental maintenance of during hyperinsulinemia alters uptake, oxidation, glycolysis, storage, pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH), or glycogen synthase (GS). 10 healthy volunteers had two euglycemic insulin clamp experiments. On one occasion, were maintained lipid emulsion infusion; on other, allowed fall. Leg...