The problem of reducing the age-of-information has been extensively studied in single-hop networks. In this paper, we minimize general multihop If packet transmission times over network links are exponentially distributed, prove that a preemptive Last Generated First Served (LGFS) policy results smaller age processes at all nodes (in stochastic ordering sense) than any other causal policy. addition, for arbitrary distributions times, non-preemptive LGFS is shown to among work-conserving...

In this work, we investigate the design of information-update systems, where incoming update packets are forwarded to a remote destination through multiple servers (each server can be viewed as wireless channel). One important performance metric these systems is data freshness at destination, also called age-of-information or simply age, which defined time elapsed since freshest packet was generated. Recent studies on have shown that reduced by intelligently dropping stale packets. However,...

In this paper, we investigate scheduling policies that minimize the age of information in single-hop queueing systems. We propose a Last-Generated, First-Serve (LGFS) policy, which packet with earliest generation time is processed highest priority. If service times are i.i.d. exponentially distributed, preemptive LGFS policy proven to be age-optimal stochastic ordering sense. and satisfy New-Better-than-Used (NBU) distributional property, non-preemptive shown within constant gap from optimum...

Information updates in multihop networks such as Internet of Things (IoT) and intelligent transportation systems have received significant recent attention. In this paper, we minimize the age a single information flow interference-free networks. When preemption is allowed packet transmission times are exponentially distributed, prove that preemptive last-generated, first-served (LGFS) policy results smaller processes across all nodes network than any other causal (in stochastic ordering...

In this paper, we consider the problem of minimizing age information in a multi-source system, where samples are taken from multiple sources and sent to destination via channel with random delay. Due interference, only one source can be scheduled at time. We finding decision policy that determines sampling times transmission order for total average peak (TaPA) (TaA) sources. Our investigation results an important separation principle: The optimal scheduling strategy independent each other....

We consider a joint sampling and scheduling problem for optimizing data freshness in multi-source systems. Data is measured by non-decreasing penalty function of age information, where all sources have the same age-penalty function. Sources take turns to generate update packets, forward them their destinations one-by-one through shared channel with random delay. There scheduler, that chooses order sources, sampler, determines when source should new packet its turn. aim find optimal...

In this paper, we consider the problem of optimizing freshness status updates that are sent from a large number low-power source nodes to common access point. The utilize carrier sensing reduce collisions and adopt an asychronized sleep-wake strategy achieve extended battery lifetime (e.g., 10-15 years). We use age information (AoI) measure updates, design parameters for minimizing weighted-sum peak AoI sources, subject per-source constraints. When time is zero, can be solved by resorting...

As wireless network technology advances towards the sixth generation (6G), increasing energy consumption has become a critical concern due to growing demand for diverse services, radio deployments at various frequencies, larger bandwidths, and more antennas. Network operators must manage usage not only reduce operational cost improve revenue but also minimize environmental impact by reducing carbon footprint. The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) introduced several savings (NES)...

MicroRNA-155 (miRNA-155) resides within the B-cell integration cluster gene on chromosome 21. It can act either as an oncogene or a tumor-suppressor gene, depending cell background in which miRNA-155 is performing its specific target controlling function. Therefore, aim of this study was to investigate expression patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) and relation disease prognosis diffuse large (DLBCL) patients.Reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction assay performed evaluate...

Wireless networks have been evolving at a frenetic pace to meet the ever increasing demands for higher capacity, lower latency, and massive number of connections. In fifth generation (5G) radio access (RANS), millimeter-wave band are instrumental in achieving such stringent requirements. The network deployment must go through significant densification extremely high demand data traffic. This imposes big challenge architecture as well design fronthaul transport links network. Fronthaul is...

We consider the problem of minimizing age information when a source can transmit status updates over two heterogeneous channels. Our work is motivated by recent developments in 5 G mmWave technology, where transmissions may occur an unreliable but fast (e.g., mmWave) channel or slow reliable sub-6 GHz) channel. The modeled as time-correlated Gilbert-Elliot at high rate "ON" state. provides deterministic lower data rate. scheduling strategy determines to be used for transmission each time...

We consider the problem of optimizing freshness status updates that are sent from a large number low-power sources to common access point. The source nodes utilize carrier sensing reduce collisions and adopt an asynchronized sleep-wake scheduling strategy achieve target network lifetime (e.g., 10 years). use <italic xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">age information</i> (AoI) measure updates, design parameters for minimizing weighted-sum...

In this paper, we study the problem of minimizing age information when a source can transmit status updates over two heterogeneous channels. Our work is motivated by recent developments in 5G mmWave technology, where transmissions may occur an unreliable but fast (e.g., mmWave) channel or slow reliable sub-6GHz) channel. The modeled as time-correlated Gilbert-Elliot channel, be transmitted at high rate "ON" state. provides deterministic lower data rate. scheduling strategy determines to used...

In this paper, we aim to design an optimal sampler for a system in which fresh samples of signal (source) are sent through unreliable channel remote estimator, and acknowledgments back over feedback channel. Both the forward channels could have random transmission times due time varying conditions. Motivated by distributed sensing, estimator can estimate real-time value source combining received noisy observations collected from local sensor. We prove that estimation error is non-decreasing...

BackgroundImatinib has so far been the first-choice treatment in chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) with excellent results. However, only a proportion of patients achieve major molecular response. Hence, need to find whether there are some factors that affect response is essential. This study aimed investigate allele and genotype frequencies single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) SLCO1B3 (T334G) CYP3A5*3 CML undergoing imatinib determine SNPs these two genes could predict therapy...

In this paper, we study a sampling problem in which fresh samples of signal (source) are sent through an unreliable channel to remote estimator, and acknowledgments back over feedback channel. Both the forward channels subject random transmission times. Motivated by distributed sensing, estimator can estimate real-time value source combining received noisy observations collected from local sensor. We prove that estimation error is non-decreasing function Age Information (AoI) for design...

In this paper, we consider transmission scheduling in a status update system, where updates are generated periodically and transmitted over Gilbert-Elliott fading channel. The goal is to minimize the long-run average age of information (AoI) at destination under an energy constraint. channel state revealed by feedback (Ack/Nack) transmission; while it remains unknown if there no transmission. Thus, have design policy that balances tradeoffs across energy, AoI, exploration, exploitation....

BackgroundCytogenetically normal acute myeloid leukemia (AML) represents nearly half of newly diagnosed de novo AML cases. XPD is one the DNA repair proteins, whose genetic polymorphisms are thought to affect their function as regards response chemotherapeutic drugs and chemotherapy-induced toxicities.Subjects methodsWe investigated Asp312Asn Lys751Gln by polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism in 51 cytogenetically patients. The standard induction chemotherapy...

Abstract Immunomodulatory drugs ( IM i D s) are key components of treatment for hematologic malignancies, especially multiple myeloma MM ). Cereblon CRBN ) expression was described to be essential the activity thalidomide. Furthermore, binding is cytotoxic cells and absence confers s resistance. Interleukin‐6 IL ‐6) a potent pleiotropic cytokine that regulates plasma cell PC growth via ‐6 receptor ‐6R). ‐6/ R autocrine implicated in development progression cancers including cervical cancer,...

In this paper, we consider transmission scheduling in a status update system, where updates are generated periodically and transmitted over Gilbert-Elliott fading channel. The goal is to minimize the long-run average age of information (AoI) under energy constraint. We two practical cases obtain channel state (CSI): (i) without sensing (ii) with delayed sensing. For (i), CSI revealed by feedback (ACK/NACK) transmission, but when no occurs, not revealed. Thus, have balance tradeoffs across...

In this paper, we investigate scheduling policies that minimize the age of information in single-hop queueing systems. We propose a Last-Generated, First-Serve (LGFS) policy, which packet with earliest generation time is processed highest priority. If service times are i.i.d. exponentially distributed, preemptive LGFS policy proven to be age-optimal stochastic ordering sense. and satisfy New-Better-than-Used (NBU) distributional property, non-preemptive shown within constant gap from optimum...

Advances in the understanding of Hodgkin's lymphoma (HL) show various functions infiltrating immune cells and cytokines relation to clinical outcomes. The expression CD163 c-Met has been suggested have a role lymphoid malignancy. Thus, we evaluated expressions CD163, c-Met, serum free light chain (sFLC) clinicopathological features patients with advanced classical HL (cHL).We assessed 34 cHL through immunohistochemistry on lymph node biopsy sections levels pretreatment sFLC were estimated...