Abstract Correcting the forecast bias of numerical weather prediction models is important for severe warnings. The refined grid requires direct correction on gridded products, as opposed to correcting data only at individual stations. In this study, a deep learning method called CU-net proposed correct forecasts four variables from European Centre Medium-Range Weather Forecast Integrated Forecasting System global model (ECMWF-IFS): 2-m temperature, relative humidity, 10-m wind speed, and...

Cardiovascular risk prediction functions offer an important diagnostic tool for clinicians and patients themselves. They are usually constructed with the use of parametric or semi-parametric survival regression models. It is essential to be able evaluate performance these models, preferably summaries that natural intuitive interpretations. The concept discrimination, popular in logistic context, has been extended analysis. However, extension not unique. In this paper, we define...

Previous studies suggest that the zonally averaged Hadley circulation (ZAHC) has experienced a robust poleward expansion, and its trend in intensity displays inconsistency among different data sets. This study examines changes regional HC edge using six reanalyses, outgoing longwave radiation, precipitation HCs regions, including Africa (AFHC), Indian Ocean (IOHC), western Pacific (WPHC), eastern (EPHC), South America (SAHC), Atlantic (ATHC), are investigated. Intensity trends Northern...

Abstract This study investigates the modulation of Pacific Decadal Oscillation (PDO) on predictability interannual early summer south China rainfall (SCR) using high‐quality station data. Of particular interest is difference in impact between negative and positive phases PDO SCR. A clear correlation SCR preceding sea surface temperature (SST) over Ocean appears PDO. In phase, SST dominated by a pattern with significant correlations subtropical western North southeast tropical central...

Haze pollution is a serious air quality issue in China. Previous studies over the North China Plain (NCP) mainly focused on analysing haze during boreal winter. However, variation spring and related factors remain unclear. This study investigates inter‐annual of haze, which represented by humidity‐corrected dry extinction coefficient (DEC) NCP. During high DEC years, pronounced positive anomalies appear NCP its surrounding regions. Correspondingly, notable anticyclonic anomaly observed...

ABSTRACT This study investigates impacts of two types La Niña events, eastern Pacific ( EP ) and central CP Niña, on Australian summer rainfall during 1951–2009. Results show that is sensitive to the change in location sea surface temperature SST anomalies equatorial Pacific. During maximum cold anomaly located west 150°W, significant northeasterly wind tend prevail over northeastern Australia austral summer. brings more moist warm flow from tropics leads positive northern Australia. In...

Abstract The present study investigated the joint impacts of spring Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Scandinavia (SCAND) teleconnection pattern on surface air temperature (SAT) variations over midhigh latitude Eurasia. It is found that connection AO to first two empirical orthogonal function (EOF) modes Eurasian SAT depends strongly phase SCAND index. EOF1 EOF2 display same sign variation tripole pattern, respectively. In in‐phase AO‐SCAND years, mid‐high Eurasia covered by anomalies, indices...

Abstract Previous studies indicated that the meridional (northerly or southerly) wind anomalies over East China play an important role in modulating interannual variation of winter haze pollution North Plain (NCP) mainly via changing surface speed and humidity. Here, we report factors for formation related to experienced a significant interdecadal change around mid‐1990s. Before mid‐1990s, two upstream atmospheric wave trains contribute generation inducing geopotential height northeast Asia....

Abstract Previous studies suggested that autumn Arctic sea ice concentration (SIC) change around the Kara–Laptev seas has a marked impact on following winter Siberian High (SH). This analysis reveals SIC‐winter SH connection experienced interdecadal weakening late‐1990s according to observational and reanalysis data. Before late‐1990s, SIC loss induces pronounced warming via modulating surface heat fluxes reduces poleward meridional temperature gradient, which leads of westerly winds over...

A previous study indicated that the Arctic Oscillation (AO) and Siberian High (SH) are two important drivers for interannual variation of winter surface air temperature (SAT) over southeast Asia. This reveals impact SH on Asian SAT was stable. By contrast, connection between AO displays a pronounced interdecadal change around late-1990s. Significant can only be detected after The result shows in mainly attributed to spatial structure AO. Before late-1990s, significant atmospheric signals...

The North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) is a key atmospheric intrinsic mode. This study concerns mechanisms that the NPO influences Southern Hemisphere climate anomalies after several months. It found boreal wintertime has significant negative connection with austral spring rainfall in Australia, particularly Northern Territory, Queensland, New South Wales and Victoria. A positive phase tends to be followed by dry conditions, while wet conditions over much of northern eastern Australia. physical...

Abstract Previous studies indicated that spring Arctic Oscillation (AO) can influence the following East Asian summer monsoon (EASM). This study reveals Atlantic multidecadal oscillation (AMO) has a pronounced modulation of AO–EASM connection. Spring AO close relation with EASM during negative AMO (−AMO) phase. However, positive (+AMO) phase, connection is weak. During −AMO marked dipole atmospheric anomaly pattern (with an anticyclonic over midlatitudes and cyclonic subtropics) tripole sea...

Abstract. This study reveals that haze pollution (HP) over the North China Plain (NCP) in winter can persist to following spring during most years. The persistence of NCP (HPNCP) is attributed maintenance an anticyclonic anomaly (AA) northeast Asia and southerly wind anomalies NCP. Southerly reduce surface speed increase relative humidity, which are conducive above-normal HPNCP both spring. However, there exist several years when followed by below-normal reversed these due inverted...

Using a high-density automatic weather stations (AWS) dataset of hourly rainfall observations, the present study investigates relationship between and elevation in Beijing area, further proposes amount dependent parameterized algorithm considering effect on timescale. The parameterization equation is defined as segmented nonlinear model, which calculates mountain function valley amount. Results show that there exists an evident enhancement by area. In particular, larger generally found...

Abstract This study examines the relationship between spring northern tropical Atlantic (NTA) sea surface temperature (SST) and its following summer western North Pacific subtropical high (WNPSH) in historical simulations of 20 coupled models IPCC AR6. These well simulate NTA SST, as WNPSH‐related atmospheric precipitation anomalies over Asian monsoon region. Ensemble mean these reproduces observed relation processes linking SST to WNPSH. In ensemble mean, warming persists summer, induces an...