The genus of Neotropical frogs Pithecopus includes 11 species occurring east the Andes from southern Venezuela to northern Argentina. Recent genetic approaches pointed out an unusual diversity among populations localities in north-eastern Brazil recognized as P. nordestinus. In fact, one these studies confirmed hypothesis that São Francisco River acted effective geographical barrier during vicariant events evolutionary history nordestinus, resulting two principal, highly divergent clades....

Telomere has a central role in chromosomal stability events. Chromosome ends organized telomere-loop prevent activation of DNA damage response (DDR) mechanisms, thus keeping the chromosome structure organized. On other hand, free ends, dysfunctional telomeres, and interstitial telomeric sequences (ITS) can trigger rearrangements. Here, telomere organization, function, maintenance addition to ITS types their involvement changes, were revisited. Despite general (TTAGGG)n sequence being present...

Abstract Background The taxonomic and phylogenetic relationships of the genus Phyllomedusa have been amply discussed. marked morphological similarities among some species hamper reliable identification specimens may often lead to their incorrect classification on sole basis traits. Phenotypic variation was observed populations assigned either P. azurea or hypochondrialis . In order evaluate whether in is related that genotypes, a cytogenetic analysis combined with inferences based...

The taxonomic status of a disjunctive population Phyllomedusa from southern Brazil was diagnosed using molecular, chromosomal, and morphological approaches, which resulted in the recognition new species P. hypochondrialis group. Here, we describe rustica sp. n. Atlantic Forest biome, found natural highland grassland formations on plateau south Brazil. Phylogenetic inferences placed subclade that includes rhodei + all clade. Chromosomal morphology is conservative, supporting inference...

The genus Phyllomedusa has been the target of regular taxonomic investigations. species nordestina was recently separated from P. hypochondrialis. Morphological variations in rohdei interpopulation have already reported, suggesting existence more than one taxon under that name. In present study, we cytogenetically characterized two populations and rohdei. Both displayed 2n = 26 chromosomes with 12 metacentric, submetacentric 2 subtelocentric chromosomes. C-banding analyses revealed discrete...

The combination of classical cytogenetics with molecular techniques represents a powerful approach for the comparative analysis genome, providing data systematic identification chromosomal homologies among species and insights into patterns evolution within phylogenetically related groups. Here, we present cytogenetic on four Neotropical treefrogs genus Phyllomedusa (P. vaillantii, P. tarsius, distincta, bahiana), collected in Brazil Ecuador, aim contributing to understanding diversification...

Only one species of armored catfish, Ancistrus cirrhosus Valenciennes 1836, has been historically described in the basin Paraná River, from Misiones (Argentina). However, ample variation found morphology and coloration populations sampled tributaries Brazilian state makes it difficult to establish real taxonomic status evolutionary history specimens, suggesting that is not only this basin. By combining data on mitochondrial DNA (COI gene) chromosomal markers different populations, totaling...

Historical processes that have interrupted gene flow between distinct evolutionary lineages played a fundamental role in the evolution of enormous diversity species found Neotropical region. Numerous studies discussed geographic barriers and Pleistocene forest refugia diversification region's biodiversity. In present study, we investigated relative contribution these different factors to history Pithecopus nordestinus, tree-frog, which is amply distributed Brazilian Atlantic Forest adjacent...

The Neotropical frog genus Pithecopus comprises currently 10 species. A recent molecular phylogeny suggested the existence of two subclades within it, one them including P. palliatus, azureus, hypochondrialis, and nordestinus (lowland species). Herein we describe a new species this subclade from Pontal do Araguaia, in Brazilian Cerrado Mato Grosso state. Recognition is supported by adult morphology, advertisement call data. differs highland its smaller head width lack reticulate pattern on...

Ancistrus Kner, 1854 is a diverse catfish genus, currently comprising 66 valid species, but karyotype data were recorded for 33 although only ten have their taxonomic status defined. Considerable diversity has been found within this with 2n varying from 34 to 54 and structural variability including heteromorphic sex chromosomes. In many cases, uncertainty on the of study populations hampers reliable interpretation complex chromosomal evolutionary history group. This aims present first...

The repetitive DNAs are the expressive substrate to genomic evolution and directly related chromosomal diversification in eukaryote, including fishes. Ancistrus is an interesting group for studies about interplay between DNA karyotype evolution, given its extensive variation. In this study, we aimed understand evolutionary dynamics genome of distinct populations Paraná basin contribution three classes sequences. Nucleotide sequence was isolated, characterized nonlong terminal repeat...

Cycloramphus bolitoglossus (Werner, 1897) is a rare species with low population density in the Serra do Mar region of Paraná and Santa Catarina, southern Brazil. Currently, it has been assigned to Near Threatened (NT) category Brazilian List Endangered Animal Species. Here, we described karyotype this for first time investigated patterns some repetitive DNA classes chromosomes using molecular cytogenetic approaches. We isolated, sequenced mapped 5S rDNA satellite PcP190 C . , as well...

The monkey frog, Pithecopus rusticus (Anura, Phyllomedusidae) is endemic to the grasslands of Araucarias Plateau, southern Brazil. This species known only from a small population found at type locality. Here, we analyzed for first time chromosomal organization repetitive sequences, including seven microsatellite repeats and telomeric sequences (TTAGGG)n in karyotype by Fluorescence situ Hybridization. dinucleotide motifs had pattern distribution clearly distinct those tri- tetranucleotides....

The large amphibian genomes contain numerous repetitive DNA components that have played an important role in the karyotypic diversification of this vertebrate group. Hypotheses based on presumable primitive karyotype (2n = 20) anurans family Pipidae suggest they evolved principally through intrachromosomal rearrangements. Pipa is only South American pipid, while all other genera are found Africa. divergence lineages from African ones occurred at least 136 million years ago and thought to had...

Pipidae is a clade of Anura that diverged relatively early from other frogs in the phylogeny group. Pipids have unique combination morphological features, some which appear to represent mix adaptations aquatic life and plesiomorphic characters Anura. The present study describes karyotype Pipa carvalhoi Miranda-Ribeiro, 1937, including morphology, heterochromatin distribution, location NOR site. diploid number P. 2n=20, three metacentric pairs (1, 4, 8), two submetacentric (2 7),...

An integrative taxonomy approach is used to study the diversity of Brazilian aquatic pipid frog Pipa carvalhoi, evaluating whether within this nominal species two or more lineages are evolving independently. To test these competing scenarios, we analysed morphological (tadpoles and adults), molecular (16S rRNA) karyological data for up 109 specimens check corroborating patterns among characters under different selective pressures. Three well-supported haplogroups were recovered their...

We report the presence of Scinax agilis (Cruz and Peixoto, 1983) in municipality Areia Branca, state Sergipe, northeastern Brazil for first time. This record fills species distributional gap between states Bahia Alagoas.

The genus Rhinella is one of the most diverse groups bufonid toads, currently composed by 93 valid species and naturally distributed throughout different Neotropical ecoregions. Here, we analyze nine Brazilian populations toads representing margaritifera marina groups. These new data include first description R. hoogmoedi proboscidae karyotypes, as well other taxonomically unresolved forms. Chromosomal analysis revealed pronounced chromosomal uniformity (2n=22), including diploid number...

Abstract Boana atlantica was described based on morphological characters to acommodate populations from Bahia state, Brazil, previously referred as B. punctata . However, its taxonomic validity is questionable due inconsistencies in bioacoustic data. Here, we integrate molecular, cytogenetic and data re-evaluate the status of Molecular analyses provided strong support for hypothesis that a valid species, being, however, nominal state paraphyletic with respect individuals collected Alagoas...

Transposable elements can exhibit a predilection for specific insertion regions. In recent study, Munasinghe et al. (2023) consider how variation in where TE families prefer to insert within the genome influences their copy number evolution. The study emphasizes preference neutral sites is only advantageous conjunction with host restriction mechanisms, which suggests that may be strategy mitigate genetic conflicts host.

The nominal anuran species Crossodactylus gaudichaudii Duméril and Bibron, 1841 aeneus Müller, 1924 are indistinguishable based on adult larval morphology, being subject of taxonomic doubts. Here, we describe the karyotypes C. aeneus, using classical molecular cytogenetic markers. In addition, used sequences H1 mitochondrial DNA to infer their phylogenetic relationships by Maximum Likelihood (ML) Parsimony (MP) approaches delimitation test (by bPTP approach). karyotypic data do not...

Treefrogs of the genus Pithecopus Cope, 1866 exhibit expressive chromosomal homogeneity which contrasts with a high variation frequency nucleolus organizer region (NOR) related to group. Currently, contains eleven species and no data are available on P. palliatus Peters, 1873, ayeaye Lutz, 1966 megacephalus Miranda-Ribeiro, 1926. Here, we describe karyotypes these three based Giemsa staining, C-banding, silver impregnation in situ hybridization (FISH). We were also analyze evolutionary...