A5078074153- Cognitive and developmental aspects of mathematical skills
- Mathematics Education and Teaching Techniques
- Philosophical Ethics and Theory
- Child and Animal Learning Development
- Philosophy and Theoretical Science
- Jewish and Middle Eastern Studies
- Visual and Cognitive Learning Processes
- Philosophy and History of Science
- Visual perception and processing mechanisms
- Cognitive Science and Education Research
- Advanced Text Analysis Techniques
- Historical Philosophy and Science
- Spatial Cognition and Navigation
- Jewish Identity and Society
- Irish and British Studies
- Epistemology, Ethics, and Metaphysics
- Embodied and Extended Cognition
- Bayesian Modeling and Causal Inference
- Psychiatric care and mental health services
- Migration, Ethnicity, and Economy
- Decision-Making and Behavioral Economics
- Empathy and Medical Education
- Data Visualization and Analytics
- Statistics Education and Methodologies
- Language and cultural evolution
Indiana University
2006-2025
Indiana University Bloomington
2005-2025
Netflix (United States)
2020-2025
San Francisco State University
2011-2024
Trinity College Dublin
2003-2022
Université du littoral côte d'opale
2015-2021
University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign
2008-2020
University of Nebraska–Lincoln
2020
University of Richmond
2010-2016
Case Western Reserve University
2016
In 4 experiments, the authors explored role of visual layout in rule-based syntactic judgments. Participants judged validity a set algebraic equations that tested their ability to apply order operations. each experiment, nonmathematical grouping pressure was manipulated support or interfere with mathematical convention. Despite formal irrelevance these manipulations, accuracy all experiments highest when supported grouping. The increase significantly greater correct judgment depended on...
A number of investigators are agreed that the popular medical systems tribal, peasant, and allied peoples "effective." Most literature closely examining effectiveness focuses on ethnopharmacological dimensions healing generally ignores psychosocial factors. Recent developments in psychophysiology may offer insights into these neglected areas. The specific idea to be examined here is successful "general treatment," or "symbolic healing," by either shaman physician, based part a mobilization...
Although the field of perceptual learning has mostly been concerned with low- to middle-level changes systems due experience, we consider high-level that accompany in science and mathematics. In science, explore transfer a scientific principle (competitive specialization) across superficially dissimilar pedagogical simulations. We argue occurs when students develop interpretations an initial simulation simply continue use same interpretational bias interacting second simulation. arithmetic...
This paper discusses the general concept of basic culture-bearing unit and proposes a new definition-the cultunit. proposal is response to need for units cross-cultural surveys be comparable rigorously defined if these studies are validated statistically. Such anthropologists as Schapera, Berndt, Whiting, Evans-Pritchard, Reichard, Radcliffe-Brown, Fortes, Ember, Murdock, Nadel, Leach Driver have given much thought problem defining units. From their writings, we can see at least six possible...
People can be taught to manipulate symbols according formal mathematical and logical rules. Cognitive scientists have traditionally viewed this capacity—the capacity for symbolic reasoning—as grounded in the ability internally represent numbers, relationships, rules an abstract, amodal fashion. We present alternative view, portraying reasoning as a special kind of embodied which arithmetic formulae, externally represented notations, serve targets powerful perceptual sensorimotor systems....
Despite their importance in public discourse, numbers the range of 1 million to trillion are notoriously difficult understand. We examine magnitude estimation by adult Americans when placing large on a number line and qualitatively evaluating descriptions imaginary geopolitical scenarios. Prior theoretical conceptions predict log-to-linear shift: People will either place linearly or according compressive logarithmic power-shaped function (Barth & Paladino, ; Siegler Opfer, ). While about...
How does the physical structure of an arithmetic expression affect computational processes engaged in by reasoners? In handwritten expressions containing both multiplications and additions, terms that are multiplied often placed physically closer together than added. Three experiments evaluate role such factors play how reasoners construct solutions to simple compound (such as “2 + 3 × 4”). Two kinds influence found: First, incorporate size into numerical responses, tending give larger...
Formal mathematical reasoning provides an illuminating test case for understanding how humans can think about things that they did not evolve to comprehend. People engage in algebraic by (1) creating new assemblies of perception and action routines evolved originally other purposes (reuse), (2) adapting those better fit the formal requirements mathematics (adaptation), (3) designing cultural tools mesh well with our perception-action create cognitive systems capable (invention). We describe...
Americans dramatically overestimate the size of African American, Latino, Muslim, Asian, Jewish, immigrant, and LGBTQ populations, leading to concerns about downstream racial attitudes policy preferences. Such errors are common whenever public is asked estimate proportions relevant political issues, from refugee crises polarization climate change COVID-19. Researchers across social sciences interpret these as evidence widespread misinformation that topic-specific potentially harmful. Here,...
Learning algebra is difficult for many students in part because of an emphasis on the memorization abstract rules. Algebraic reasoners across expertise levels often rely perceptual-motor strategies to make these rules meaningful and memorable. However, cases, are provided as patterns be memorized verbally, with little overt perceptual support. Although most work concreteness focuses conceptual support through examples or analogies, here we consider notational concreteness—perceptual-motor...
Formal mathematics is a paragon of abstractness. It thus seems natural to assume that the mathematical expert should rely more on symbolic or conceptual processes, and less perception action. We argue instead proficiency relies perceptual systems have been retrained implement skills. Specifically, we investigated whether visual system-in particular, object-based attention-is so parsing algebraic expressions evaluating validity are accomplished by processing. Object-based attention occurs...
How do people stretch their understanding of magnitude from the experiential range to very large quantities and ranges important in science, geopolitics, mathematics? This paper empirically evaluates how whether make use numerical categories when estimating relative magnitudes numbers across many orders magnitude. We hypothesize that scale words-thousand, million, billion-to carve number line into categories, stretching linear responses items within each category. If so, discontinuities...