This paper proposes a method for optimal placement of phasor measurement units (PMUs) complete observability power system normal operating conditions, as well single branch outages. A binary search algorithm is used to determine the minimum number PMUs needed make observable. In case more than one solution, strategy proposed select solution resulting in most preferred pattern redundancy. The benchmark PMU solutions IEEE 14-bus, 24-bus, 30-bus and New England 39-bus test systems. applied on...

This paper presents a method for the use of synchronized measurements complete observability power system. The placement phasor measurement units (PMUs), utilizing time-synchronized voltage and current phasors, is studied in this paper. An integer quadratic programming approach used to minimize total number PMUs required, maximize redundancy at system buses. Existing conventional can also be accommodated proposed PMU method. Complete ensured under normal operating conditions as well outage...

This paper proposes a nonunit protection scheme for DC microgrids (DC MGs) utilizing only local measurements. is developed based on the natural characteristics of current and its first second derivatives under fault transients. Since it measurements, problems associated with communication delay are avoided. The selected detects discriminates faults within few microseconds inception. In this paper, method to calculate thresholds, used scheme, also discussed. proposed validated ring-type MG...

A power distribution system reconfiguration methodology considering the reliability and loss is developed in this paper. Probabilistic models are used order to evaluate at load points. An algorithm for finding minimal cut sets utilized find set of components appearing between feeder any particular point. The optimal status switches maximize minimize real found by a binary particle swarm optimization-based search algorithm. effectiveness proposed demonstrated on 33-bus 123-bus radial system.

The operation of multiple microgrids (MGs) in coordination with distribution system enables high penetration locally available distributed energy resources (DERs). This approach enhances the reliability and resiliency power supply significantly. Also, overall cost gets reduced because integration cost-free from photovoltaic panels wind turbines. most effective utilization DERs can be achieved through networked MGs. However, implementation concepts MGs requires extensive research. paper...

This paper proposes new droop control methods for load sharing in a rural area with distributed generation. Highly resistive lines, typical of low voltage networks, always create big challenge conventional control. To overcome the conflict between higher feedback gain better power and system stability angle droop, two have been proposed. The first method considers no communication among generators (DGs) regulates converter output ensuring proper having strong coupling real reactive due to...

Three different methods of inclusion current measurements by phasor measurement units (PMUs) in a power system state estimator is investigated. A comprehensive formulation the hybrid incorporating conventional, as well PMU measurements, presented for each three methods. The behaviour elements because Jacobian matrix examined any possible ill-conditioning gain matrix. performances estimators are compared terms convergence properties and variance estimated states. IEEE 14-bus 300-bus systems...

This article deals with the synchronized measurement technology that has potential of becoming backbone for real-time monitoring system. The secure and reliable operation modern power systems is an increasingly challenging task due to ever-increasing demand electricity, growing number interconnections, penetration variable renewable energy sources, deregulated market conditions. Power companies in different parts world are therefore feeling need a wide area monitoring, protection, control...

This paper presents a new hybrid constrained power system state estimator. The conventional and synchrophasor measurements are simultaneously incorporated in the estimation problem without using any transformation of measurements. formulation makes it possible to take advantage information from phasor measurement unit (PMU) branch current voltage measurements, improving accuracy existing estimators. methodology is applied on IEEE 14-, 57-, 118-bus test systems, its performance compared with other

This paper proposes an application of the cubature Kalman filter (CKF) to power system dynamic state estimation (PSDSE) utilizing measurements from remote terminal units as well phasor measurement units. The CKF process utilizes spherical and Gaussian quadrature rules estimate probability density functions space space. helps in linearization nonlinear function without loss accuracy. does not require formation Jacobian Hessian matrices execute PSDSE, which saves execution time. A forecasting...

This paper presents a grid-forming control (GFC) scheme for two-stage photovoltaic (PV) systems that maintains power reserves by operating below the maximum point (MPP). The PV plant in GFC mode behaves like voltage source supports grid during disturbances full or limited as per reserve availability. is model-free method avoids estimation of MPP real-time commonly done literature, which makes it simpler and more reliable. proposed also features an enhanced current limitation guarantees...

The coordinated operation of multiple microgrids (MGs) enables high penetration locally available distributed energy resources. It enhances the reliability and resiliency power network reduces cost energy. Although networked MGs have attracted significant research interests, validation various studies is difficult because there no benchmark test system for such systems. A can be used to validate static dynamic related networking MGs, as optimal flow, management, control, stability,...

A method to assign weights the measurements obtained through phasor measurement units (PMUs) in a weighted least squares (WLS) state estimation is presented this paper. The uncertainties for direct are from manufacturer's specifications. For pseudo-measurements, evaluated by using classical uncertainty propagation theory. of as function line length and conductor type also investigated. lower upper bounds estimated states considering found linear programming. proposed applied on IEEE 14-,...

Protection scheme for AC transmission systems are well understood and matured. On the other hand, DC system is still facing a challenge in developing proper protection because of its natural characteristics. A scheme, which utilizes some developed techniques system, modified to suit characteristics, proposed this paper. The based on concept current profile under transients, depends fault location. This property combined with directional feature achieve microgrid. demonstrated ring type...

This paper presents a method to estimate the transmission line parameters using synchrophasor measurements from phasor measurement units (PMUs), as well hybrid PMU and supervisory control data acquisition system. It also proposes parameter uncertainties considering inaccuracies. Transmission protection is important for secure reliable operation of power With advent technology advances in communication system, current differential relays can be implemented system lines. In this paper, new...

The protection of multiple interconnected microgrids is a challenging task because changes in the topology system. A microgrid can operate an islanded mode or get connected to another autonomous grid-connected directly utility grid. short-circuit currents change widely connection status system networked microgrids. In this article, novel setting groups based scheme presented for using directional overcurrent relays. developed provide adequate all under possible interconnection among and...

This paper computes the uncertainties associated with power system state variables obtained help of phasor measurement units (PMUs). An integer-quadratic-programming-based method is used to determine minimum number and optimal locations PMUs ensure complete topological observability system. Three approaches are estimate in variables: use classical uncertainty propagation theory, Monte Carlo method, random fuzzy (RFVs). The methods applied on a test system, results presented. choice depends...

This paper presents an approach to test and validate a number of power system dynamic state estimation (PSDSE) algorithms, utilizing Real Time Digital Simulator (RTDS), real-time simulation tool. WSCC 9-bus IEEE 30-bus systems have been utilized demonstrate the proposed approach. The are developed on RSCAD software RTDS. conventional remote terminal unit (RTU) measurements phasor measurement (PMU) sent from RTDS runtime environment MATLAB based PSDSE application at regular intervals for...

The shedding of loads under severe imbalance between the load and generation is an effective way to maintain frequency stability a power system. This letter presents efficient sensitivity-based methodology determine appropriate locations amounts be shed.

In this study, multi‐objective particle swarm optimisation (MOPSO) and preference order (PO) ranking‐based planning model is presented for placement sizing of wind solar‐based distributed generators (DGs), capacitors in the multi‐phase distribution network, under uncertainty considering network reconfiguration. Uncertainty solar irradiance, speed, load are considered using Monte Carlo simulation (MCS) with suitable probabilistic models. The problem formulated different scenarios generated...

The presence of phasor measurements in ac systems provides a range protection techniques based on sequence components and phase comparison to discriminate the fault. However, absence dc system reduces available alternatives for fault detection. In addition, low tolerant converters, large impedance varying grid conditions demands sensitive selective schemes. this regard, several recent works have suggested communication-based primary due its high sensitivity faults. with failure communication...

This article proposes a parameter estimation scheme for three-phase untransposed distribution lines. The process is carried out using voltage magnitude (rms) and power-flow measurements from both ends of the line. by considering influence measurement instrument transformer uncertainties. A novel effective variance-based reweighted nonlinear least-squares proposed. Moreover, line parameters under balanced loading conditions, present work reduced order model accuracy stability estimator are...