A synthetically useful approach to functionalized triazoles is described via the reaction of β-carbonyl phosphonates and azides. 1,4- 1,5-disubstituted 1,4,5-trisubstituted can be regio- chemoselectively accessed under mild conditions in good excellent yields (31 examples, up 99%). mechanism proposed that rationalizes avoidance 4-phosphonate byproducts, which aligned with crystallographic experimental evidence.

In this paper, a novel <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">XY</i> -dimensional submicropositioner, including mechanism, control, and analysis, is successfully presented. The design of the submicropositioner utilizes monolithic parallel flexure mechanism with built-in electromagnetic actuators optical sensors to achieve object 3-DOF precise motion. From provided experimental results, there are several main goals that have been achieved...

In this paper, a new planar magnetic levitation (maglev) positioning system is proposed, which capable of executing dual-axis motions purely involving forces. Functionally, such mechanism behaves like <i xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">XY</i> table with micrometer precision. Specifically, in system, structure an adaptive sliding-mode control (ASMC) algorithm described, aims to achieve the following three goals: 1) large moving range...

An astigmatic detection system is constructed with a modified digital-versatile-disk optical head. This system, detecting spot of ∼1μm, can simultaneously measure the vertical displacements and two-dimensional angular tilts micromachined elements. It detect thermal vibrations microfabricated cantilevers noise levels 1.3pmHz−1∕2 for linear displacement 3.2nradHz−1∕2 over frequency range from 1to800kHz. The even reach beyond 100MHz if high-speed electronic devices are adopted. Further...

We use the optical pickup head of a commercial compact disk (CD)/digital versatile (DVD) read only memory (ROM) drive to detect vertical displacement micro fabricated cantilever in atomic force microscopy (AFM). Both contact and AC modes AFM are demonstrated. The single steps graphite can be resolved, indicating that resolution detection achieved with this new setup. low cost, size, light weight CD/DVD pickups may offer advantages future designs.

Here we demonstrate that an astigmatic detection system (ADS), constructed with a modified digital-versatile-disk (DVD) optical head, can achieve real-time measurement of linear displacement and two-dimensional (2D) tilt angles high sensitivity. An atomic force microscope (AFM), using our to sense the deflection microfabricated cantilevers, resolve single steps on graphite surfaces noise level less than 0.04 nm in topographic images. This even detect mechanical resonances due thermal...

This letter proposes a parallel design for piezoelectric two-degree-of-freedom nanostepping motor, which performs translation or rotation while its two elements are driven in-phase out-of-phase electrically. Compared to serial mechanism, designs more compact, stiffer, and have better dynamical characteristics. Experimental results show that this device works stably. The stepping resolution/stroke values of 100 nm/6 mm 0.04°/infinite, respectively.

A spiral scanning method is proposed for atomic force microscopy with thoroughgoing analysis and implementation. Comparing the traditional line-by-line method, demonstrates higher imaging speed, minor image distortion, lower acceleration, which can damage piezoelectric scanner. Employing to replace experiment shows that time complete an cycle be reduced from 800 s 314 without sacrificing resolution.

Recently, companies have developed Enterprise Resource Planning (ERP) systems. ERP systems will integrate business processes and provide information. However, successful implementation is costly requires a long time to complete. Companies usually use outside consultants ensure project. consultant selection difficult task for an project implementation. This study examined the users' service quality satisfaction in investigated performance improvement of We illustrated how apply Analytical...

This paper proposes a new modulation scheme using high-order harmonic information to solve the so-called ambiguity problem of interferometry. To start with, we build fiber Fabry-Perot interferometer serve as displacement sensor, which has two operation modes - coarse and fine modes. Integrating afore-developed piezoelectric actuator, scheduled proportional-integral/adaptive-sliding controller, construct dual-stage nanopositioning system. The experimental results show that proposed system...

This paper proposes a new six degrees-of-freedom (6-DOF) electromagnetic precision positioner, made of hybrid mechanism utilizing both magnetic driving force and the uplifting fluid, for which structure, actuator, an effective controller have been developed. The concept design involves not only mechanism, but also fluid buoyancy damping properties, help to counterbalance weight platen so as achieve very low steady-state power consumption. four goals system include following: 1) large range...

The hysteresis and other nonlinear properties of piezoelectric scanners cause image distortion in scanning probe microscopy (SPM). Two types control algorithm, feedback feedforward, were applied to solve this problem. In general, a feedforward method has higher speed, resolution, but lower accuracy than method. paper, we propose postfitting scheme for driving the x-scanner SPM periodically. This possesses advantages both methods, achieves resolution pure or method, without sacrificing speed.

A tether-powered unmanned aerial vehicle is presented in this article to demonstrate the highest altitude and longest flight time among surveyed literature. The grid-powered ground station transmits high voltage electrical energy through a well-managed conductive tether 2-kg hexacopter hovering air. Designs, implementations, theoretical models are discussed research work. Experimental results show that proposed system can operate over 50 m for 4 h continuously. Compared with battery-powered...

The mirror galvanometer is a crucial component of laser cutters/engravers. Novel two-dimensional galvanometers demonstrate less trajectory distortion than traditional one-dimensional ones. This article proposes an optoelectronic sensor that measures mirror's inclinations in two dimensions simultaneously. measuring range, resolution, and sampling rate are ±10°, 0.0265°, 2 kHz, respectively. With the proposed sensor, closed-loop control can be further implemented to achieve precision...

This paper proposes a novel planar electromagnetic-actuated positioning stage. The stage is suspended by the monolithic parallel flexure mechanism, which motion comes from deformation of flexure. A linear electromagnetic actuator consists near-uniform magnetic field and four coils designed implementation to provide propelling force for 3-DOF motions. In order suppress vibration suspension an eddy current damper integrated with actuator. non-contact more advanced than contact used in our...

The design of a dual-mode inertia motor involves an actuator that can generate translational and rotational motion without connecting the actuators serially. Traditionally, or should be stacked serially to have multi-axis degrees-of-freedom. experimental results this study display performance characteristics such as linearity, resolution, velocity most excellent operating frequency.

This article presents a novel torque senor, which functions according to the deformation of printed circuit board that carries sensitive elements and can also serve as sensor. The specially designed spiral copper pattern changes its resistance proportionally applied torque. Analyses, simulations, experiments validate our design successfully. Compared with traditional strain gauge-type sensors at similar capacity, ±30 N <inline-formula xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML"...

A direct scheme is proposed for discrete-time control of a very rapidly sampled continuous-time system. Knowledge the relative degree and an upper bound order system proves to be sufficient priori knowledge derivation scheme. Convergence zero tracking error established

The stationary-sample (scanning-probe)-type atomic force microscope (AFM) has been demonstrated to have many advantages over its conventional counterpart: the scanning-sample (stationary-probe)-type AFM. However, major challenge is measure deflection of probe while moving in three-dimensional (3-D) space. Utilizing a distinctively arranged correction lens optomechatronic integrated design, this paper proposes novel laser beam tracking system overcome aforementioned challenge. An innovative...