In this study, the authors examined effects of aging on autobiographical memory in 180 participants by means a new method designed to assess across 5 lifetime periods nature memories-that is, specificity and spontaneity--and phenomenal experience remembering--that self-perspective autonoetic consciousness--via field/observer remember/know paradigms respectively. Age-related differences were found for spontaneity memories remembering. There was an increase observer know responses with age,...

The aim of this study was to investigate the effect advanced age on self-reported internal and external memory strategy uses, whether can be predicted by executive functioning. A sample 194 participants aged 21 80 divided into three groups (21–40, 41–60, 61–80) completed two scales Metamemory in Adulthood (MIA) questionnaire, differentiating between everyday tests results showed that: (1) use strategies increased with age, whereas decreased; (2) functioning appeared related only strategies,...

The first goal of this experiment was to examine the effect age on recall and clustering across three successive trials. Sixty-two young (age 20–40 years) 62 elderly 60–80 adults learnt a categorised word list for subsequent recall. A index computed assess organisational strategy. Results showed that performed less well test forgot more words They also indicated their lower than younger but increased Clustering only associated with scores adults. Participants were administered cognitive...

Time-based prospective memory (TBPM) is required when it necessary to remember perform an action at a specific future point in time. This type of has been found be particularly sensitive ageing, probably because requires self-initiated response In this study, we sought examine the involvement temporal processes time monitoring strategy, which demonstrated decisive factor TBPM efficiency. We compared performance young and older adults task they had press button every minute while categorising...

Feeling-of-knowing (FOK) accuracy and judgment-of-learning (JOL) were compared on separate, identical, episodic-memory tasks. The results indicated that these two measures not correlated, suggesting they do tap the same metacognitive ability. We also looked at whether FOK JOL accuracies related differently to higher order executive functioning. In take advantage of within-subject variability in cognitive performance, older adults selected as participants. They administered standard...

Recent behavioural and imaging data have shown that memory functioning seems to rely more on executive functions the prefrontal cortex (PFC) in older than young adults. Using a approach, our objective was confirm hypothesis adults present different patterns of correlation between episodic performance functioning. We report three studies comparing correlations broad range function tasks. The results indicated were consistently significantly correlated but not younger Regression analyses...

Generation effect (generated words are better memorized than read words) of anagrams, rhymes, and associates target was examined in young, elderly, very old subjects. Experiments 1 2 showed that only young subjects benefit from the generation a free-recall test when rule is phonological nature. 3, 4, 5 rhymes due to resources-dependent self-initiated process. 4 divided-attention situation, not significant subjects, but semantic remains for both groups (Experiment 5). The results discussed...

This experiment examines whether the age-related decrease in generation effect of rhymes is mediated by executive functioning. Young and elderly adults read generated pairs rhyming words for subsequent recall. Participants were also administered neuropsychological tests (executive mnemonic functions). Results showed that performed less well on benefited than younger participants from effect. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed functions composite score was correlated with it accounted...

Abstract Executive functioning and memory impairment have been demonstrated in adults with depression. functions are related, mainly when the tasks require controlled processes (attentional resource demanding processes)—that is, a low cognitive support (external aid) is provided. A cross-sectional study was carried out on 45 participants: 21 depression, 24 healthy controls matched for age, verbal ability, education level, anxiety score. Cognitive manipulated by providing categorized word...

Craik and Bialystok (2006, 2008) postulated that examining the evolution of knowledge representation control processes across life span could help in understanding age-related cognitive changes. The present study explored hypothesis are differentially involved episodic memory performance young older adults. Young adults were administered a cued-recall task tests crystallized executive functioning to measure processes, respectively. Results replicate classic finding decline with age, but...

Age-related stereotype concerns culturally shared beliefs about the inevitable decline of memory with age. In this study, priming and threat manipulations were used to explore impact age-related on metamemory episodic performance. Ninety-two older participants who reported same perceived functioning divided into two groups: a threatened group non-threatened (control). First, was primed an ageing questionnaire. Then, both groups administered complaints self-efficacy questionnaires measure...

Physical activity has beneficial effects on executive functions and episodic memory, two processes affected by aging. These benefits seem to depend the type of memory task, but only a few studies have evaluated them despite their importance in understanding This study aimed confirm that physical older adults vary according resources required comparing free recall cued recall. Thirty-seven young 37 performed tasks an updating task. The groups had similar level over preceding 12 months,...

The present research evaluated both metacognitive and environmental support accounts of age-related changes in the way study time is adapted to task difficulty. original aim was examine whether providing at encoding would allow older adults adjust their difficulty by using effective strategies. learning manipulated varying strength association cue-target pairs (i.e., weak vs. strong associates). This allowed us measure control aging and, specifically, ability according level it could be used...

A total of 16 young (M = 27.25 years), 13 healthy elderly 75.38 and 10 older adults with probable mild cognitive impairment (MCI; M 78.6 years) carried out a task under two different encoding conditions (shallow vs. semantic) retrieval (free recall recognition). For the shallow condition, participants had to decide whether first or last letter each word in list was "E." semantic they represented concrete abstract entity. The MCI group only able benefit from same extent as recognition task,...

Employing a false alarm recognition procedure with learning of highly associated word pairs, an experiment was conducted to examine the hypothesis age-related deficit in distinctiveness encoding. The evolution rate and C decision criteria observed across three age groups, young adults, older older-older adults. results show 1) no differences on criteria, indicating that increase FA is not related subject compensation strategy but probably due failure memory strength, 2) respondents produced...

The generation effect (i.e., better recall of the generated items than read items) was investigated with a between-list design in young and elderly participants. task difficulty manipulated by varying strength association between cues targets. Overall, strong associates were recalled weak associates. However, results showed different patterns according to age, greater for younger adults only. These findings suggest that generating leads more elaborated encoding, but cannot use this encoding...