Abstract On the Theory of Optimal Sensor Placement An optimal sensor placement is defined as a configuration that achieves minimum capital cost while observing prespecified performance criteria. Previous formulations this problem have resulted in definition mixed‐integer nonlinear program (MINLP) with dimensions dependent on value integer decision variables. The main contribution work an equivalent reformulation design such dimension NLP independent all Additionally, traditional...

The Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC) possesses many benefits over traditional power generation plants, ranging from increased efficiency to flex-fuel and carbon capture opportunities. A lesser-known benefit of the IGCC configuration is ability load track electricity market demands. idea being that process modifications enable dispatch capabilities will allow for a time-shift production away periods low energy value high value. work begins with an illustration Economic Model...

Energy consumption by Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems is usually heaviest when electricity prices are at their highest. The method of Economic Model Predictive Control (EMPC) can be used in conjunction with Thermal Storage (TES) to time-shift power away from periods high demand low energy cost. In addition enormous computational costs, implementation such algorithms result unexpected sometimes pathological closed-loop behavior, including inventory creep bang-bang...

The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been projected to be the of choice for future automotive applications. Among most challenging aspects this application is occurrence severe and frequent changes in power demand. However, set-point tracking a PEMFC complicated by need regulate many additional operating variables. In work, simplistic model used illustrate operational goals challenges associated with tracking. measures performance, we find response time, available range,...

Proposed within this work is a novel coal conversion process, dubbed the "dry gasification oxy-combustion" (DGOC) power cycle. In unique two-stage feed partially oxidized at high pressures in an oxygen-blown, fluidized-bed unit, using recycled flue gas as agent (≈61% CO2 and 32% H2O). addition, reducing environment of gasifier provides opportunity to perform pre-combustion sulfur removal through sorbent-based capture. The second stage, oxy-combustion, also uses gas, for temperature...

The notion of demand response in electric power systems is to use time varying electricity price structures encourage consumers track generation availability. Specifically, when available low, either due high or a lack renewable sources, an increase rates intended smart grid participants reduce consumption. Similarly, on-line higher than demand, may benefit from low rates. While many think as residential consumers, the commercial building and industrial sectors will likely result impact...

This paper presents a systematic tuning approach for linear model predictive controllers based on the computationally attractive minimum variance covariance constrained control (MVC3) problem. Unfortunately, feedback policy generated by MVC3 problem is incompatible with algorithmic framework of control, in which primary vehicle selection objective function weights. The main result this to show that all feedbacks exhibit property inverse optimality respect an appropriately defined quadratic...

In this work we propose a new formulation of the stochastic based minimum back-off operating point selection problem. It is shown that has convex/reverse-convex form and thus readily solved globally via branch bound search scheme. The then extended to partial state information case as well discrete-time framework. unique in controller feedback gain not specified priori but rather be determined by proposed optimization. further obtained such an LQR inverse optimal guaranteed exist within set...

A mathematical model for an autothermal reforming (ATR) fuel processor has been developed to study the transient response of reactor gasoline reforming. The was with experimental data from temperature profiles along and product composition (CO2, CO, H2 formation). Model versus experiment results were compared three cases: partial oxidation, ATR using steam injection, liquid water spray. In addition analysis capabilities, is intended help in design a feedback controller aimed at improving...

The classic approach to generator dispatch in large scale power generation and distribution systems (under regulated markets) is the Unit Commitment (UC) problem. As renewable sources (that cannot be dispatched) are added network many have advocated additional introduction of massive energy storage facilities. However, inherent dynamic nature suggests an expanded view UC operating policy. In this work, notion Economic Model Predictive Control (EMPC) investigated as a generalization Of...

Energy consumption by Heating Ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC) systems is usually heaviest when electricity prices are at their highest, presenting significant opportunities for the improvement of underlying control algorithms. The idea being that thermal energy storage can be used to time-shift power away from periods high demand low cost. In this work, we present a supervisory scheme, known as Market Responsive Control (MRC), which has objective minimizing expenditure required...

Viscous damping severely limits the performance of resonator based sensing in liquids. We present encased cantilevers that overcome this limitation with a transparent and hydrophobic encasement built around resonator. Only few micrometers cantilever probe protrude from water does not enter encasement. This maintains high Q-factors reduces thermo-mechanical noise levels by over one order magnitude reaches minimal detectable forces 12 fN/·Hz These probes expand frontiers sensing. discuss their...

The impact of problem formulation modifications on predictive controller tuning is investigated. First, the proposed method shown to adapt disturbance characteristic changes and thus, takes full economic advantage scenario. second topic concerns point‐wise‐in‐time constraints constraint infeasibility. Specifically, we shift question from selection nonintuitive weighting matrix parameters that a few key results in rather intuitive trade‐off between expected profit violations. Finally, show...

In the context of day-ahead or real-time electricity prices, method economic model predictive control has been shown to provide expenditure reduction in building HVAC systems, specifically if coupled with active thermal energy storage. However, due diurnal nature these reductions can only be achieved prediction horizon is sufficiently large, typically greater than 12 h. This work develops an alternative controller known as constrained linear optimal control. policy yield performance similar...

The polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cell (PEMFC) has been projected to be the of choice for future automotive applications. Among most challenging aspect this application is occurrence severe and frequent changes in power demand. This paper will present a model aimed at mimicking load expected vehicle, including DC motor, DC-DC converters rechargeable battery peak-shaving regenerative braking. also includes kinematics vehicle (rotational translational inertia as well simple wind resistance...

In this work, we present a computationally efficient nonlinear multivariable predictive controller (NMPC) for an autothermal reforming (ATR) reactor. The proposed NMPC scheme is based on fast reduced order model and consists of three parts. first steady state optimizer, which aims to minimize fuel flow given hydrogen demand while simultaneously observing the lower bound reactor temperature maintain ignition second part find desired input/output trajectory via offline dynamic optimization...