Kraits of the genus Bungarus Daudin 1803 are widely known venomous snakes distributed from Iran to China and Indonesia. Here, we use a combination mitochondrial DNA sequence data morphological describe new species Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, China: suzhenae sp. nov . Phylogenetically, this forms monophyletic lineage sister candidus / multicinctus wanghaotingi complex based on cyt b ND4 genes but pair with B. magnimaculatus Wall & Evans, 1901 COI gene fragments....

A new species of the Asian leaf litter toad genus Leptobrachella is described from Guizhou Province, China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses support as an independent lineage deeply nested in clade. The distinguished its congeners by a combination following morphological characters: body size medium (SVL 29.7–31.2 mm five adult males); dorsal skin shagreened, some granules forming longitudinal short ridges; tympanum distinctly discernible, slightly concave; supra-axillary, femoral, pectoral...

The white-lipped tree viper, Trimeresurus albolabris Gray, is one of the most common species genus with a wide distribution from India eastwards to China and southwards Indonesia. However, this was previously split into five geographical clades significant genetic divergence. Recent surveys in Yingjiang County, Yunnan Province, resulted discovery cryptic subgenus Trimeresurus. Combining molecular, morphological ecological data, we describe it as new caudornatus sp. nov. differs other by...

A new species of genus Megophrys from Gaoligong Mountains, Yunnan Province, China is described. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial DNA and nuclear all clustered the as an independent clade nested into subgenus Panophrys. The smallest genetic distance 16S rRNA gene between its congeners was 3.0%. could be identified by a combination following characters: moderate body size (SVL 31.0–34.8 mm in males); vomerine ridge weak, teeth absent; dorsal skin relatively smooth; tongue slightly...

The Wushan Salamander (Liua shihi), Jinfo (Pseudohynobius jinfo), and Wenxian Knobby (Tylototriton wenxianensis) are rare national Class II protected wild animals in China. We performed MaxEnt modeling to predict analyze the potential distribution trends of these species Chongqing under current future climate conditions. Species data were primarily obtained from field surveys, supplemented by museum collections existing literature. These efforts yielded 636 records, including 43 for P....

Abstract In high-altitude tectonic regions, significant geothermal activity influences groundwater arsenic levels, presenting crucial resource and environmental challenges. The present study examines the Gonghe-Guide Basin located in northeastern region of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau. employs a comprehensive approach encompassing field sampling, hydrochemical analysis, thermodynamic modeling, statistical analysis to ascertain composition origins groundwater. research data indicates that area...

A new species of Asian horned toad, Boulenophrys, is described from Yongzhou City, Hunan Province, China. The a phylogenetically sister to B. yunkaiensis, based on 16S rRNA and COI genes. differs its congeners, possessing the following combination characters: (1) moderate body size: SVL 37.6–40.2 mm (38.9 ± 1.3, n = 7) in adult males 41.8–45.9 (43.6 2.1, 3) females; (2) tympanum boundary clear: TD/ED 0.48–0.57 0.47–0.57 (3) presence small horn-like tubercle at edge upper eyelid; (4) vomerine...

The odd-scaled snake genus Achalinus, which is widely distributed in northern Vietnam, China and Japan, a poorly-known group of snakes. Numerous species within this have been described based on few specimens or only single type specimen. Achalinushunanensis Ma, Shi, Xiang, Shu & Jiang, 2023 was two male from Huaihua City Changsha City, Hunan Province, China. To date, has recorded Province the information females not available. During our herpetological surveys 2024, Achalinus were collected...

Abstract Gut microbiota are significant to the host’s nutrition and provide a flexible way for host adapt extreme environments. However, whether gut help colonize caves, resource-limited environment, remains unknown. The nonobligate cave frog Oreolalax rhodostigmatus completes its metamorphosis within caves 3–5 years before foraging outside. Their tadpoles occasionally removed from by floods utilize outside resources, providing contrast cave-dwelling population. For both tadpoles,...

Abstract The distribution of species is not random in space. At the finest‐resolution spatial scale, that is, field sampling locations, distributional aggregation level different would be determined by various factors, for example autocorrelation or environmental filtering. However, few studies have quantitatively measured importance these factors. In this study, inspired statistical properties a Markov transition model, we propose novel additive framework to partition local multispecies...

A new species of the Asian leaf litter toad genus Leptobrachella from central south China is described. Molecular phylogenetic analyses, based on mitochondrial 16S rRNA and nuclear RAG1 gene sequences indicated as an independent clade in genus. The could be distinguished its congeners by a combination following characters: body medium size (SVL 29.2–34.2 mm 15 adult males 34.4–43.1 seven females); distinct black spots present flanks; toes rudimentary webbed, with wide lateral fringes;...

A new species, Achalinus hunanensis sp. nov. , is described from middle and western Hunan Province based on the results of molecular systematics morphological characters. It diverges known congeners by a significant genetic divergence ( p -distance 3.2%–16.9% CO1 mitochondrial gene), it can be distinguished all following characters: (1) dorsal scales strongly keeled, 23 rows throughout body, outmost one keeled enlarged; (2) tail relatively short, TaL/TL 0.221 ~ 0.225; (3) maxillary teeth 23;...

A new species, Leptolalax mangshanensis sp. nov., is described from the Mangshan National Nature Reserve, in Hunan Province, China. The species genetically similar to liui, and morphologically maoershanensis. Morphological characteristics that distinguish its congeners are a small body size (snout-vent length, SVL, 22.2 mm–27.8 mm 27 adult males, 30.2 one female); nearly smooth dorsal skin with some small, orange, tubercles irregular, dark brown stripes, throat belly scattered white...

Taxonomic frameworks for medically important species such as cobras (genus Naja Laurenti, 1768; Squamata, Elapidae) are essential the medical treatment of snake bites and accurate antivenin development. In this paper, we described former N. kaouthia populations recorded from China a new designated neotype atra-based morphological mitochondrial phylogenetic analysis. The fuxisp. nov. was morphologically diagnosed by (1) regular single narrow crossband present on middle posterior parts dorsum...

A new species of the genus Megophrys from Zhejiang Province, China is described. Molecular phylogenetic analyses supported taxon as an independent clade nested into and sister to M. lishuiensis . The could be distinguished its congeners by a combination following morphological characteristics: (1) small size (SVL 31.0–36.3 mm in male 41.6 female); (2) vomerine ridge present teeth absent; (3) tongue not notched behind; (4) horn-like tubercle at edge each upper eyelid; (5) tympanum distinctly...

A new

A new species of the genus Megophrys is described from Guizhou Province, China. Molecular phylogenetic analyses supported as an independent clade nested into . The could be distinguished its congeners by a combination following characters: body size moderate (SVL 49.3–58.2 mm in males); vomerine ridges present distinctly, teeth present; tongue feebly notched behind; tympanum distinctly visible, oval; two metacarpal tubercles hand; toes with one-third webbing and wide lateral fringes; heels...

Abstract Ecologists have generally concluded that species distributions are not random (e.g. aggregate), based on single‐species studies applied single‐species–based statistical methods, like the negative binomial model. Although it is common knowledge some specific in an ecological community present aggregate distributions, this does necessarily imply entire presents distribution. Studying community‐level distributional aggregation patterns requires different methods. Herein, by utilizing a...

Multiple disciplines can help to discover cryptic species and resolve taxonomic confusions. The Asian horned toad genus Megophrys sensu lato as a diverse group was proposed contain dozens of species. Based on molecular phylogenetics, morphology, osteology, bioacoustics data, the profiles toads in eastern corner Himalayas Medog County, Tibet Autonomous Region, China investigated. results indicated that this small area harbored at least four species, i.e., M. medogensis , pachyproctus zhoui...

Confused geographical structure of a population and mitonuclear discordance are shaped by combination rapid changes in demographics shifts ecology. In this study, we generated time-calibrated phylogeny Scutigerboulengeri, an endemic Xizang alpine toad occurring mountain streams on the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau (QTP). Based three mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) genes, eight clades were assigned to deeply divergent lineages. Analysis nuclear (nuDNA) genes revealed distinct clusters without...

The toad genus Oreolalax is widely distributed in southwest China and northern Vietnam. A new species of the described from Sichuan Province, China. Phylogenetic analyses based on mitochondrial 12S rRNA 16S gene sequences supported as an independent clade clustered into also containing O. nanjiangensis chuanbeiensis . can be distinguished its congeners by a combination following characters: body size moderate (SVL 51.2–64.2 mm males); head broad; tympanum hidden; interorbital region with...

Genetic adaptation to extremes is a fascinating topic. Nevertheless, few studies have explored the genetic of closely related species respectively inhabiting distinct extremes. With deep transcriptome sequencing, we attempt detect architectures tadpoles five toad adapted Tibetan Plateau, middle-altitude mountains and karst caves. Molecular evolution analyses indicated that not only number fast evolving genes (FEGs), but also functioning coverage FEGs, increased with elevation. Enrichment...

In this study, a new species named Scutiger luozhaensis sp. nov. is described from Luozha, southern Tibet, China. Genetic analysis based on two mitochondrial genes 16S rRNA and COI the nuclear gene RAG1 revealed that belongs to an independent phylogenetic clade close S. gongshanensis nyingchiensis shares no haplotype with other species. Morphological comparisons examined specimens literatures indicated it can be diagnosed congeners by following combination of characters: (1) body moderate,...