Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) offers spectral efficiency advantage, however, it is limited by peak-to-average power (PAPR) problem. The PAPR can be reduced using iterative clipping and filtering (ICF) scheme but requires that the same signals are iteratively clipped with a fixed threshold at different iterations. This method warrants fast-Fourier transform (FFT)/inverse FFT (IFFT) blocks must driven in order of iterations many times to attain desired which expends system...

We developed a real-time, multimodal Student Engagement Analytics Technology so that teachers can provide just-in-time personalized support to students who risk disengagement. To investigate the impact of technology, we ran an exploratory semester-long study with teacher in two classrooms. used multi-method approach consisting quasi-experimental design evaluate technology and case understand environmental social factors surrounding classroom setting. The results show had significant on...

While achieving reduced/good peak-to-average power (PAPR) in orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) systems is attractive, this must not be performed at the expense of transmitted signal with over-reduced power, as it leads to degraded bit error ratio (BER). We introduce a uniform distribution approach solving PAPR reduction problem OFDM signals and then use Lagrange multiplier (LM) optimization minimize number iterations involved an adaptive fashion. Due nonlinear attenuation...

Orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM) signals are characteristically independent and identically distributed Gaussian random variables that follow Rayleigh distribution. The also exhibit high peak-to-average power ratio (PAPR) problem due to the infinitesimal amplitude component above mean of distribution plot. Since amplitudes nonlinearly nonmonotonically increasing, applying roots is shown in this paper change probability density function (PDF) thus reduces PAPR. We exemplify...

For a large population of elderly who live alone, continuous long-term daily monitoring system is critical and imminently needed to enhance the quality their lives. Continuous vitality information (i.e., which area elder staying in, motion state activity intensity an elder) essential for care. In this paper, we use existing commodity Wi-Fi devices design implement device-free human system, WiMonitor. Our can continuously capture target’s in multi-room home environment without compromising...

In this paper, we investigate detection of students' behavioral engagement states (On-Task vs. Off-Task) in authentic classroom settings. We propose a multimodal approach, based on three unobtrusive modalities readily available 1:1 learning scenario where technologies are incorporated. These are: (1)Appearance: upper-body video captured using camera; (2) Context-Performance: interaction and performance data related to content; (3) Mouse: mouse movements during process. For each modality,...

Due to high power consumption and other problems, it is unlikely that orthogonal frequency-division multiplexing (OFDM) would be included in the uplink of future 6G standard. High OFDM systems motivated by peak-to-average ratio (PAPR) introduced inverse Fourier transform (IFFT) processing kernel time domain. Linear precoding symbols frequency domain using discrete Hartley (DHT) could used minimise PAPR problem, however, at cost increased complexity consumption. In this study, we computation...

Abstract One of the main challenges for future wireless systems is to enhance effective data throughput by exploiting allocated bandwidth as much possible. Among several approaches at different layers, one most important constituted so‐called link adaptation (LA) techniques. They are characterized a set transmission parameters channel state in order improve performance. In this context, paper focused on analysis particular class LA techniques called adaptive modulation and coding, where...

The authors present a simple automatic repeat request (ARQ) scheme for turbo codes which uses the soft output information, available as by-product of decoding process, to indicate need retransmission particular data block. technique utilises punctured data, not normally sent in recursive systematic convolutional (RSC) code systems, improve operation decoder rather than whole block, thus maximising throughput. Furthermore, no cyclic redundancy check (CRC) is included there overhead on...

This article presents a simple turbo coding technique to improve the error performance of convolutional rate-1/3 code by shaping its weight spectrum closer binomial distribution random code. can be applied both symmetric and asymmetric rate 1/3 codes achieve additional gain.

“Responsive retail” is becoming a key differentiator for brick-and-mortar retail stores to remain competitive with online alternatives. Growing RFID deployments in positions as compelling means capture customer-item interactions, giving retailers insights optimize store layout, item arrangements and even strategic placements increase sales. Such depend on detecting motion of few tags among thousands stationary tags, which an open challenge. We have created fully FCC compliant UHF testbed...

Two-fold turbo codes have recently been introduced as the least complex member of multifold code family, and they shown to outperform their conventional symmetric asymmetric cousins in waterfall region. The article introduces a simple method that allows two-fold offer bilevel unequal error protection. Also, application protection still image coding technique, i.e. hue-saturation-luminance coding, is explained pixel performance results under Gaussian conditions are presented. According...

This paper explores the application of error resilient coding scheme. Absolutely addressed Picture ELement (APEL) coding, to image transmission over noisy radio channels. To improve performance APEL at low signal-to-noise ratios, turbo is introduced into system. Demonstrated through Gaussian and Rayleigh fading channel simulations, this novel combination will be shown correct restrict propagation majority errors incurred during transmission. (6 pages)

Location awareness is an important capability for a series of wirelessly-enhanced business and consumer mobile applications. Low-cost devices that can be incorporated into broad range appliances used location determination tracking. In this paper, we demonstrate radio beacon-based approach suggests heterogeneous wireless networks joined together to provide wide area tracking capability. Our implementation based on probabilistic statistical techniques, where signal strengths measurements from...

The multifold turbo coding, designed to provide multiple extrinsic estimates and LLRs on a bit basis during decoding iterations, is introduced. Component encoders accept various combinations of information segments, which are obtained by equally dividing the block prior encoding. Grouped segments then interleaved encoded separately, while left uncoded. This novel sectionalization sequence, combined with separate interleaving encoding, bring weight distribution closer binomial random code....

Retail industry is moving into the era of "responsive retail" where real-time detection and data analytics customeritem interactions preferences are becoming critical differentiators for brick-and-mortar retail stores to compete with increasing online alternatives. As RFID tag deployments in continue grow, technology positioned be one best means capture customer-item interactions. This can generate insights retailers use optimize store layout, shop floor item arrangements even placement...

We propose a multimodal approach for detection of students' behavioral engagement states (i.e., On-Task vs. Off-Task), based on three unobtrusive modalities: Appearance, Context-Performance, and Mouse. Final are achieved by fusing modality-specific classifiers at the decision level. Various experiments were conducted student dataset collected in an authentic classroom.

To investigate the detection of students' behavioral engagement (On-Task vs. Off-Task), we propose a two-phase approach in this study. In Phase 1, contextual logs (URLs) are utilized to assess active usage content platform. If there is use, appearance information 2 infer engagement. Incorporating improved overall F1-scores from 0.77 0.82. Our cross-classroom and cross-platform experiments showed proposed generic multi-modal models' applicability different set students or subject areas.

During iterative decoding, a monotonic increase in the magnitude of log-likelihood ratios is sign convergence to maximum likelihood solution. When undergo frequent changes during decoder generally fails converge and number bit errors within frame increases. In such cases, little gain achieved by performing further iterations. Therefore, utilizing iteration termination methods beneficial for minimizing decoding latency, reducing operational complexity turbo decoders. The stopping criteria...