Renewable energy sources such as wind energy—together with energy-efficient technologies—are essential to meet global demands and address climate change. Fiber-reinforced polymer composites, their superior structural properties (e.g., high stiffness-to-weight) that allow lightweight robust designs, play a significant part in the design manufacture of modern turbines, especially turbine blades, for demanding service conditions. However, current growth onshore/offshore farm installations (with...

This study investigates the influence of hybrid toughening—via core-shell rubber (CSR) particles and non-woven thermoplastic veils—on delamination resistance, crack migration R-curve behaviour in carbon fibre/epoxy laminates under mode-I mode-II conditions. Core-shell particles, varying size from 100 nm to 3 μm, with 0–10 wt% content, are dispersed within epoxy resin, micro-fibre veils polyphenylene sulfide (PPS) fibres, 5–20 g/m2 areal weight, introduced at interlaminar region achieve...

In this paper, the effect of intra-yarn fibre hybridisation on homogenised elastic properties and micro- meso-scale matrix stress fields in 2D woven composite laminae (i.e. plain, 2/2 basket, twill 5-harness satin) is studied with a two-scale homogenisation scheme—employing representative volume element model at micro-scale repeating unit cell meso-scale. The study focused S-glass/polypropylene/epoxy hybridisation. A modified random sequential expansion algorithm generates microstructure for...

This work investigates the effect of hygrothermal ageing on interlaminar fracture carbon fibre/epoxy composite laminates with (i) core–shell rubber nanoparticle toughening, (ii) micro-fibre non-woven thermoplastic veil and (iii) hybrid toughening. The untoughened toughened are manufactured by resin infusion a unidirectional non-crimp fabric two-part epoxy matrix out-of-autoclave curing. Core-shell nanoparticles 100 nm to 3 μm diameters mixed in at 10 wt% content for Thermoplastic veils ∼ 20...

Abstract Fibre-reinforced polymer (FRP) composites generally have a layered architecture and are commonly manufactured with thermosetting resins—making them susceptible to interlaminar fracture (i.e. delamination), which is often major concern in structurally critical applications. As result, various approaches been explored enhance resistance. This review focuses on third-phase toughener inclusions, offer opportunities create damage resistant tolerant structures without significantly adding...

This study explores the mechanical behaviour of intra-laminar hybrid flax/E-glass composites, focusing on role micro-scale irregularities in flax fibres. By employing computational micromechanics and Monte Carlo simulations, it analyses influence fibre geometry elastic properties performance non-hybrid composites. A Non-Circular Fibre Distribution (NCFD) algorithm is introduced to generate microstructures with randomly distributed non-circular circular E-glass fibres, which are then modelled...

This study investigates the novel role of yarn-level fibre hybridisation in tailoring thermomechanical properties and thermal residual stress (TRS) fields resin at both micro- meso-scales 3D orthogonal-woven flax/E-glass hybrid composites. Unlike previous studies, which primarily focus on macro-scale composite behaviour, this work integrates a two-scale homogenisation scheme. It combines microscale representative volume element (RVE) models mesoscale repeating unit cell (RUC) to capture...

Advanced structural adhesives are now an important joining technique in automobile and aerospace applications. The perceived uncertainty the long-term performance of bonded members when subjected to static/fatigue loads aggressive environments is probably restricting even more widespread use this technology. In article, effect moisture on static fatigue resistances adhesively laminate joints was investigated. Experimental tests were performed both aged unaged for responses. Further, using a...

Abstract Advanced composites are widely used in primary and secondary structural applications, for example, aerospace, automotive, marine, renewable energy sectors. But it is well recognized that the impact resistance damage tolerance of composite laminates general poor, which a major challenge optimizing designs. In this regard, an experimental study conducted enhancing 2D woven by exploring yarn‐level fiber hybridization. Hybrid yarns produced combing high‐strength fibers, is, S‐glass,...

This paper investigates the effect of non-hybrid and hybrid toughening, via core-shell rubber (CSR) nanoparticles non-woven micro-fibre veils, on delamination resistance crack migration in carbon fibre/epoxy laminates under mode-I mode-II conditions—with an emphasis veil fibre properties toughening mechanisms fracture energies. Core-shell particles, varying size from 100 nm to 3 μm, with 0–10 wt% content, are dispersed within epoxy resin. Two veils contrasting (i.e. one ∼6 mm (50 wt%) ∼12...

Structural adhesives are used widely in aerospace and automotive applications. However, fatigue damage these is an important factor to be considered the design of adhesively bonded structural members that subjected cyclic loading conditions during their service life. Fatigue life joints depends mainly on load ratio. A model presented this paper include effect mean stresses failure behaviour joints. The developed using effective strain-based approach. implemented a tapered single lap joint...

The effect of short micro-fibre-based veils on the mode-I and mode-II interlaminar fracture energies R-curves composite laminates is investigated in this study—with an emphasis role veil binders. Non-woven polyphenylene sulfide with 10 g/m2 areal weight two different binders (i.e. cross-linked styrene-acrylic polyester), non-woven carbon four styrene-acrylic, polyester, polyester polyvinyl alcohol) are used for interleaving laminates. Carbon/epoxy manufactured by vacuum-assisted resin...