Abstract Arrays of nanowires are fabricated with alternating segments the magnetostrictive alloy Fe 1– x Ga and Cu using electrochemical deposition in nanoporous anodic aluminium oxide (AAO) templates. The difficult nature Ga‐alloy electrochemistry is overcome by controlling mass‐transfer hydrodynamic conditions novel rotating disk electrode templates to obtain highly uniform segment lengths throughout arrays. Extensive structural characterization XRD, EBSD TEM reveals a strong <110>...

Resistivities of 5.4 μΩ·cm were measured in 10-nm-diameter metallic wires. Low resistance is important for interconnections the future to prevent heating, electromigration, high power consumption, and long RC time constants. To demonstrate application these wires, Co/Cu/Co magnetic sensors synthesized with 20-30 Ω 19% magnetoresistance. Compared conventional lithographically produced tunnel junction sensors, structures offer facile fabrication over 2 orders magnitude lower resistances due...

A comprehensive three-dimensional picture of magnetic ordering in high-density arrays segmented FeGa/Cu nanowires is experimentally realized through the application polarized small-angle neutron scattering. The competing energetics dipolar interactions, shape anisotropy, and Zeeman energy concert stabilize a highly tunable spin structure that depends heavily on applied field sample geometry. Consequently, we observe ferromagnetic antiferromagnetic interactions both among wires between...

In electron-doped GaAs, we use scanning Kerr-rotation microscopy to locally probe and spatially resolve the depolarization of electron spin distributions by transverse magnetic fields. The shape these local Hanle-effect curves provides a measure lifetime as well transport parameters including drift velocity, mobility diffusion length. Asymmetries in Hanle data can be used reveal map out effective fields due spin–orbit coupling. Finally, using both imaging effect studies, investigate...

Using Fe/GaAs Schottky tunnel barriers as electrical spin detectors, we show that the magnitude and sign of their spin-detection sensitivities can be widely tuned with voltage bias applied across interface. Experiments theory establish this tunability derives not just simply from dependence tunneling conductances ${G}_{\ensuremath{\uparrow},\ensuremath{\downarrow}}$ (a property interface), but also electric fields in semiconductor which dramatically enhance or suppress sensitivities....

We investigate the magnetic properties of magnetostrictive iron-gallium (Galfenol, Fe100−xGax, 10≤x≤25 at. %) nanowires with force microscopy (MFM) and using micromagnetic modeling software (magpar). Wires diameters 150 nm were fabricated in alternating multilayered structures Fe-Ga Cu having aspect ratios ∼2 ∼0.5, respectively, goal minimizing relative contribution shape anisotropy to domain alignment. Micromagnetic simulations isolated segments these dimensions predict that (1) at...

Alloys of iron and gallium were electroplated to produce magnetostrictive Galfenol thin films. A trapezoidal Hull cell was used control composition via a combinatorial approach where the deposition current density varied predictably across cathode. Four parameter spaces identified in which metallic iron, Galfenol, oxide, Ga-rich metal films, respectively, produced. It found that broad range densities could be by varying concentration its complexing agent, sodium citrate, compared . novel...

We have investigated nano-scale magnetic structures to learn how behaviors differ from what is observed in bulk materials. In this study, we measured the hysteresis of individual multilayered nanowire using a force microscopy (MFM). The nanowires were composed low-aspect ratio segments iron-gallium (Galfenol, Fe80Ga20) and copper layers. Individual wires released nano-porous anodized aluminum oxide (AAO) templates separated other avoid significant interactions between nearby nanowires....

Electron holograms allowed us to visualize the magnetic induction in a row of FeGa/Cu nanowires see their neighboring effect, this observation demonstrate limit density individual bits 3D memory.

In this work, magnetization reversal mechanisms in various 35 nm diameter Fe80Ga20/Cu multilayered nanowire arrays were studied by a vibrating sample magnetometer (VSM) equipped with vector coils, making it possible to monitor both x- and y-components of the moment during reversal. When fields applied low angular range (0 – 60°), all structures, irrespective Fe80Ga20 or Cu aspect ratios, experienced nucleation propagation vortex domain wall. However, when high 60–90°, occurred coherent...

In this study, thin films of Fe83Ga17 (a giant magnetostrictive alloy) were grown on single-crystalline n-GaAs (001) and polycrystalline brass substrates via electrochemical synthesis from ferrous gallium sulfate electrolytes. Extensive structural characterization using microdiffraction, high-resolution ω − 2θ, rocking-curve analysis revealed that the GaAs(001) are highly textured with ⟨001⟩ orientation along substrate normal, texture improved further upon annealing at 300 °C for 2 h in N2...

We have investigated a method for measuring the dimensions of an individual multilayered Fe-Ga/Cu nanowire (NW) as it changes with induced magnetization. In this study, we demonstrate proposed approach and establish viable magnetostrictive behavior NW using atomic force microscopy (AFM). When external magnetic field (∼300 Oe) was applied perpendicular to axis, length appeared minimized. (∼1000 parallel height profile found be higher than in case no field. Since both ends were welded...

Metallic nanowires with low resistivity were grown inside insulating aluminum oxide matrices that contained very uniform columnar nanopores (10.6+/1.7 nm diameters). These can be made large-scale order (cm <sup xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">2</sup> ), which is desirable in applications such as hard drive read sensors and random access memories. The are by electrochemical deposition directly the alumina to avoid sidewall damage...

A novel cilia design is introduced that incorporates a newly discovered magnetostrictive family of Fe–Ga alloys, also called Galfenol, into self-assembled, vertical nanopores to fabricate nanocantilevers. The mechanical response the stimuli can be detected without direct contact by detecting their magnetic output via giant magnetoresistive sensors, similar hard drive heads which grown in nanoarrays. electrochemistry alloys involving non-ideal metals very complex, so finite element modeling...